Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1, Problem 66CP
Reaction of 2.0 L of hydrogen gas with 1.0 L of oxygen gas yields 2.0 L of water vapor. All gases are at the same temperature and pressure. Show how these data support the idea that oxygen gas is a diatomic molecule. Must we consider hydrogen to be a diatomic molecule to explain these results?
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Ch. 1 - Define and e xplain the differences between the...Ch. 1 - Is the scientific method suitable for solving...Ch. 1 - Use Daltons atomic theory to account for each of...Ch. 1 - What evidence led to the conclusion that cathode...Ch. 1 - What discoveries were made by J. J. Thomson, Henri...Ch. 1 - Consider Ernest Rutherfords -particle bombardment...Ch. 1 - Do the proton and the neutron have exactly the...Ch. 1 - What is the distinction between atomic number and...Ch. 1 - Paracelsus, a sixteenth-century alchemist and...Ch. 1 - What is wrong with the following statement? The...
Ch. 1 - Which of the following is true about an individual...Ch. 1 - These questions concern the work of J. J. Thomson....Ch. 1 - Which of the following explain how an ion is...Ch. 1 - You have a chemical in a sealed glass container...Ch. 1 - You may have noticed that when water boils, you...Ch. 1 - One of the best indications of a useful theory is...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9ALQCh. 1 - Which (if any) of the following can be determined...Ch. 1 - The difference between a law and a theory is the...Ch. 1 - As part of a science project, you study traffic...Ch. 1 - Explain the fundamental steps of the scientific...Ch. 1 - When hydrogen is burned in oxygen to form water,...Ch. 1 - Explain the law of conservation of mass, the law...Ch. 1 - Chlorine has two natural isotopes: C1737I and...Ch. 1 - The vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid, C6H5NO2) can...Ch. 1 - Section 1-5 describes the postulates of Daltons...Ch. 1 - The contributions of J. J. Thomson and Ernest...Ch. 1 - What is the modern view of the structure of the...Ch. 1 - The number of protons in an atom determines the...Ch. 1 - If the volume of a proton is similar to the volume...Ch. 1 - Prob. 23QCh. 1 - What refinements had to be made in Daltons atomic...Ch. 1 - When mixtures of gaseous H2 and gaseous Cl2 react,...Ch. 1 - Observations of the reaction between nitrogen gas...Ch. 1 - A sample of chloroform is found to contain 12.0 g...Ch. 1 - A sample of H2SO4 contains 2.02 g of hydrogen,...Ch. 1 - Hydrazine, ammonia, and hydrogen azide al1 contain...Ch. 1 - Consider 100.0-g samples of two different...Ch. 1 - The three most stable oxides of carbon are carbon...Ch. 1 - Two elements, R and Q, combine to form two binary...Ch. 1 - Prob. 33ECh. 1 - In a combustion reaction, 46.0 g of ethanol reacts...Ch. 1 - Early tables of atomic weights (masses) were...Ch. 1 - Indium oxide contains 4.784 g of indium for every...Ch. 1 - Prob. 37ECh. 1 - If you wanted to make an accurate scale model of...Ch. 1 - In an experiment it was found that the total...Ch. 1 - A chemist in a galaxy far, far away performed the...Ch. 1 - Write the symbol of each atom using the ZAX...Ch. 1 - For carbon-14 and carbon-12, how many protons and...Ch. 1 - How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus...Ch. 1 - What number of protons and neutrons is contained...Ch. 1 - Prob. 45ECh. 1 - Write the atomic symbol (ZAX) for each of the...Ch. 1 - For each of the following ions, indicate the...Ch. 1 - How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 49ECh. 1 - What is the symbol of an ion with 16 protons, 18...Ch. 1 - Complete the following table:Ch. 1 - Complete the following table:Ch. 1 - Four Fe2+ ions are key components of hemoglobin,...Ch. 1 - Which of the following statements is/are true? For...Ch. 1 - Identify each of the following elements. Give the...Ch. 1 - The isotope of an unknown element, X, has a mass...Ch. 1 - Prob. 57AECh. 1 - The early alchemists used to do an experiment in...Ch. 1 - In a reaction, 34.0 g of chromium(III) oxide...Ch. 1 - Prob. 60CWPCh. 1 - Complete the following table. Atmos Number of...Ch. 1 - Complete the following table.Ch. 1 - Which of the following is( are) correct? a. C40a2+...Ch. 1 - Prob. 64CPCh. 1 - Each of the following statements is true, but...Ch. 1 - Reaction of 2.0 L of hydrogen gas with 1.0 L of...Ch. 1 - A combustion reaction involves the reaction of a...Ch. 1 - A chemistry instructor makes the following claim:...Ch. 1 - You have two distinct gaseous compounds made from...Ch. 1 - Using the information in Table 1-1, answer the...Ch. 1 - A single molecule has a mass of 7.31 1023 g....Ch. 1 - You have gone back in time and are working with...
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- Reaction of 2.0 L of hydrogen gas with 1.0 L of oxygen gas yields 2.0 L of water vapor. All gases are at the same temperature and pressure. Show how these data support the idea that oxygen gas is a diatomic molecule. Must we consider hydrogen to be a diatomic molecule to explain these results?arrow_forwardIn 1886 Eugene Goldstein observed positively charged particles moving in the opposite direction to electrons in a cathode ray tube (illustrated below). From their mass, he concluded that these particles were formed from residual gas in the tube. For example, if the cathode ray tube contained helium, the canal rays consisted of He+ ions. Describe a process that could lead to these ions. Canal rays. In 1886, Eugene Goldstein detected a stream of particles traveling in the direction opposite to that of the negatively charged cathode rays (electrons). He called this stream of positive particles "canal rays:"arrow_forwardA combustion reaction involves the reaction of a substance with oxygen gas. The complete combustion of any hydrocarbon (binary compound of carbon and hydrogen) produces carbon dioxide and water as the only products. Octane is a hydrocarbon that is found in gasoline. Complete combustion of octane produces 8 L of carbon dioxide for every 9 L of water vapor (both measured at the same temperature and pressure). What is the ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms in a molecule of octane?arrow_forward
- You may have noticed that when water boils, you can see bubbles that rise to die surface of the water. Which of die following is inside these bubbles? Explain. a. air b. hydrogen and oxygen gas c. oxygen gas d. water vapor e. carbon dioxide gasarrow_forwardHelium is an inert gas, meaning that it doesn't readily combine with other elements. What five other elements would you also expect to be inert gases? (See the periodic table in the Study Area.)arrow_forwardPlease answer this follower question in your own words: 1) How do we know that air is not a single substance? 2) Metals have many similar properties, but not all properties are shared by all metals. Why is it useful to group them as metals? 3) Why is it important that the Periodic Table is structured as a table, rather than a list of elements? How is the Periodic Table important for all of science and not just chemistry? 4) Could the Periodic Table be arranged differently? How would you arrange the Periodic Table and Why?arrow_forward
- A sample of 7.000 g of nitrogen can be combined with 8.000 g of oxygen to form nitric oxide gas (NO). What mass of oxygen would be required to convert the same sample of nitrogen to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) instead?arrow_forward1. Marie Curie was a Polish scientist that specialized in chemistry and physics. She wanted to understand how X-rays worked and noticed in her studies that the element, Uranium, gave off rays that could be measured but did not know what the rays were. She assumed that the rays came from the uranium itself instead of through different molecules interacting with each other. To study the rays, she used an instrument, called an electrometer, that studied the electricity that the rays passed through the air. Through this she was able to discover that the more uranium atoms there were in a compound, the stronger the rays that came off of it. She used this discovery to test other minerals that emitted more rays than Uranium, and discovered the elements Thorium, Polonium and Radium. Through her discoveries of these elements, scientists were able to find the structure of the atom and even how the rays can be used to fight cancer. What was Marie Curie’s observation? 2. What was Marie Curie's…arrow_forwardWhich of the statements about the discovery of electrons is FALSE? Because atoms are neutral, the existence of a negatively charged particle implied there must be a positively charged component of an atom. Thomson proposed that electrons were small particles held within a positively charged sphere. The negatively charged electron is located outside the nucleus. Rutherford proved the plum-pudding model correct. All of the above statements are true.arrow_forward
- A balloon filled with He(g) contains the same number of atoms as a similar balloon filled with Ne(g). Both balloons are at the same temperature and pressure as the air around them. Which one of the following statements is correct? Both balloons have the same volume. Both balloons have the same mass of gas. Both balloons will fall to the ground if released. Both balloons have the same density of gas. Helium balloon will float in air if released, but the neon Neon balloon will fall to the ground.arrow_forwardThe formulas for the oxides of sodium, magnesium, aluminum, and silicon are, respectively, Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2. Using the periodic table, predict the chemical formulas for each of the following similar compounds. Express your answer as a chemical formula. lithium oxide barium oxide thallium oxide tin oxidearrow_forwardRecognizing the intersection of scientific properties and ideas with the world around you is a key component of this course. By choosing a specific element to discuss, you will begin to understand how all substances are composed of elements that work together to form the world around us. Using the periodic table in Chapter 8 of your textbook, pick your favorite element. Describe this element's properties (i.e. atomic weight, atomic number, metal/non-metal, etc.). In addition to using your textbook, use reliable internet sources to research an interesting fact about this element. Use all of this information to explain why this is your favorite element. Cite your source(s) in APA format.arrow_forward
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