Problem 1RQ: Define and e xplain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and... Problem 2RQ: Is the scientific method suitable for solving problems only in the sciences? Explain. Problem 3RQ: Use Daltons atomic theory to account for each of the following. a. the law of conservation o f mass... Problem 4RQ: What evidence led to the conclusion that cathode rays had a negative charge? Problem 5RQ: What discoveries were made by J. J. Thomson, Henri Becquerel, and Lord Rutherford? How did Daltons... Problem 6RQ: Consider Ernest Rutherfords -particle bombardment experiment illustrated in Fig. l- 16. How did the... Problem 7RQ: Do the proton and the neutron have exactly the same mass? How do the masses of the proton and... Problem 8RQ: What is the distinction between atomic number and mass number? Between mass number and atomic mass? Problem 1ALQ: Paracelsus, a sixteenth-century alchemist and healer, adopted as his slogan: The patients are your... Problem 2ALQ: What is wrong with the following statement? The results of the experiment do not agree with the... Problem 3ALQ: Which of the following is true about an individual atom? Explain. a. An individual atom should be... Problem 4ALQ: These questions concern the work of J. J. Thomson. a. From Thomsons work, which particles do you... Problem 5ALQ: Which of the following explain how an ion is formed? Explain your answer. a. adding or subtracting... Problem 6ALQ: You have a chemical in a sealed glass container filled with air. The setup is sitting on a balance... Problem 7ALQ: You may have noticed that when water boils, you can see bubbles that rise to the surface of the... Problem 8ALQ: One of the best indications of a useful theory is that it raises more questions for further... Problem 9ALQ Problem 10ALQ: Which (if any) of the following can be determined by knowing the number of protons in a neutral... Problem 11Q: The difference between a law and a theory is the difference between what and why. Explain. Problem 12Q: As part of a science project, you study traffic patterns in your city at an intersection in the... Problem 13Q: Explain the fundamental steps of the scientific method. The scientific method is a dynamic process.... Problem 14Q: When hydrogen is burned in oxygen to form water, the composition of water formed does not depend on... Problem 15Q: Explain the law of conservation of mass, the law of definite proportion, and the law of multiple... Problem 16Q: Chlorine has two natural isotopes: C1737I and C1735I. Hydrogen reacts with chlorine to form the... Problem 17Q: The vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid, C6H5NO2) can be isolated from a variety of natural sources such... Problem 18Q: Section 1-5 describes the postulates of Daltons atomic theory. With some modifications, these... Problem 19Q: The contributions of J. J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford led the way to todays understanding of the... Problem 20Q: What is the modern view of the structure of the atom? Problem 21Q: The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom. What do the number and... Problem 22Q: If the volume of a proton is similar to the volume of an electron, how will the densities of these... Problem 23Q Problem 24Q: What refinements had to be made in Daltons atomic theory to account for Gay-Lussacs results on the... Problem 25E: When mixtures of gaseous H2 and gaseous Cl2 react, a product forms that has the same properties... Problem 26E: Observations of the reaction between nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas show us that 1 volume of nitrogen... Problem 27E: A sample of chloroform is found to contain 12.0 g of carbon, 106.4 g of chlorine, and 1.01 g of... Problem 28E: A sample of H2SO4 contains 2.02 g of hydrogen, 32.07 g of sulfur, and 64.00 g of oxygen. How many... Problem 29E: Hydrazine, ammonia, and hydrogen azide al1 contain only nitrogen and hydrogen. The mass of hydrogen... Problem 30E: Consider 100.0-g samples of two different compounds consisting only of carbon and oxygen. One... Problem 31E: The three most stable oxides of carbon are carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon... Problem 32E: Two elements, R and Q, combine to form two binary compounds. In the first compound, 14.0 g of R... Problem 33E Problem 34E: In a combustion reaction, 46.0 g of ethanol reacts with 96.0 g of oxygen to produce water and carbon... Problem 35E: Early tables of atomic weights (masses) were generated by measuring the mass of a substance that... Problem 36E: Indium oxide contains 4.784 g of indium for every 1.000 g of oxygen. In 1869, when Mendeleev first... Problem 37E Problem 38E: If you wanted to make an accurate scale model of the hydrogen atom and decided that the nucleus... Problem 39E: In an experiment it was found that the total charge on an oil drop was 5.93 1018 C. How many... Problem 40E: A chemist in a galaxy far, far away performed the Millikan oil drop experiment and got the following... Problem 41E: Write the symbol of each atom using the ZAX format. Problem 42E: For carbon-14 and carbon-12, how many protons and neutrons are in each nucleus? Assuming neutral... Problem 43E: How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of each of the following atoms? In a neutral atom... Problem 44E: What number of protons and neutrons is contained in the nucleus of each of the following atoms'?... Problem 45E Problem 46E: Write the atomic symbol (ZAX) for each of the isotopes described below. a. number of protons = 27,... Problem 47E: For each of the following ions, indicate the number of protons and electrons the ion contains. a.... Problem 48E: How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the following atoms or ions? a. M1224g b.... Problem 49E Problem 50E: What is the symbol of an ion with 16 protons, 18 neutrons, and 18 electrons? What is the symbol for... Problem 51E: Complete the following table: Problem 52E: Complete the following table: Problem 53AE: Four Fe2+ ions are key components of hemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen in the blood.... Problem 54AE: Which of the following statements is/are true? For the false statements, correct them. a. All... Problem 55AE: Identify each of the following elements. Give the number of protons and neutrons in each nucleus. a.... Problem 56AE: The isotope of an unknown element, X, has a mass number of 79. The most stable ion of this isotope... Problem 57AE Problem 58AE: The early alchemists used to do an experiment in which water was boiled for several days in a sealed... Problem 59AE: In a reaction, 34.0 g of chromium(III) oxide reacts with 12.1 g of aluminum to produce chromium and... Problem 60CWP Problem 61CWP: Complete the following table. Atmos Number of Protons Number of Neutrons H24e N1020e T2248i ... Problem 62CWP: Complete the following table. Problem 63CWP: Which of the following is( are) correct? a. C40a2+ contains 20 protons and 18 electrons. b.... Problem 64CP Problem 65CP: Each of the following statements is true, but Dalton might have had trouble explaining some of them... Problem 66CP: Reaction of 2.0 L of hydrogen gas with 1.0 L of oxygen gas yields 2.0 L of water vapor. All gases... Problem 67CP: A combustion reaction involves the reaction of a substance with oxygen gas. The complete combustion... Problem 68CP: A chemistry instructor makes the following claim: Consider that if the nucleus were the size of a... Problem 69CP: You have two distinct gaseous compounds made from element X and element Y. The mass percents are as... Problem 70IP: Using the information in Table 1-1, answer the following questions. In an ion with an unknown... Problem 71IP: A single molecule has a mass of 7.31 1023 g. Provide an example of a real molecule that can have... Problem 72MP: You have gone back in time and are working with Dalton on a table of relative 1uasses. Following are... format_list_bulleted