Chapter 1, Problem 45E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atomic symbols for the given set of values have to be stated.

Concept introduction: The atomic symbol for an isotope is written as $X$, where $\text{X}$ represents the symbol of the element, $Z$  represents the atomic number of the element and $A$  represents the atomic mass or mass number of the element.

To determine: The atomic symbol $X$ for the given isotope.

Answer to Problem 45E

Answer

The atomic symbol for the given isotope is $\text{O}$.

Explanation of Solution

Given

Atomic number, $Z=8$

Number of neutrons, $n=9$

An atom is represented by the following symbol.

$X$

Where,

$X$ is symbol of atom

$A$ is mass number of an atom

$Z$ is atomic number of an atom

The atomic mass is equal to the sum of atomic number and number of neutrons.

$A=Z+n$

Substitute the values of $Z$ and $n$,

$A=8+9=17$

Also, the atomic number 8 corresponds to oxygen $\left(\text{O}\right)$ in the periodic table.

Conclusion

The given element is an isotope of oxygen which has the symbol $\underset{\_}{\text{O}}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atomic symbols for the given set of values have to be stated.

Concept introduction: The atomic symbol for an isotope is written as $X$, where $X$ represents the symbol of the element, $Z$ represents the atomic number of the element and $A$ represents the atomic mass or mass number of the element.

To determine: The atomic symbol $\left(\text{X}\right)$ for the isotope of chlorine having atomic mass, $A=37$.

Answer to Problem 45E

Answer

The atomic symbol for the given isotope of chlorine is $\text{C}\text{l}$.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of chlorine is 17.

$Z=17$

Therefore, the atom symbol is $\text{C}\text{l}$.

Conclusion

The given isotope of chlorine has an atomic symbol as $\underset{\_}{\text{C}\text{l}}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atomic symbols for the given set of values have to be stated.

Concept introduction: The atomic symbol for an isotope is written as $\text{X}$, where $\text{X}$ represents the symbol of the element, $Z$  represents the atomic number of the element and $A$  represents the atomic mass or mass number of the element.

To determine: The atomic symbol $\left(\text{X}\right)$ for the given isotope with atomic number $\left(Z\right)=27$ and atomic mass $\left(A\right)=60$.

Answer to Problem 45E

Answer

The atomic symbol for the given isotope is $\text{C}\text{o}$.

Explanation of Solution

Given

Mass number, $A=60$

Atomic number, $Z=27$

The atomic number 27 corresponds to cobalt (Co) in the periodic table.

Thus, the atomic symbol is $\text{C}\text{o}$.

Conclusion

The given element is an isotope of cobalt with the atomic symbol $\underset{\_}{\text{C}\text{o}}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atomic symbols for the given set of values have to be stated.

Concept introduction: The atomic symbol for an isotope is written as $\text{X}$, where $\text{X}$ represents the symbol of the element, $Z$  represents the atomic number of the element and $A$ represents the atomic mass or mass number of the element.

To determine: The atomic symbol $\left(\text{X}\right)$ for the given isotope.

Answer to Problem 45E

Answer

The atomic symbol for the given isotope is $\text{F}\text{e}$.

Explanation of Solution

Given

Number of protons, $p=26$

Number of neutrons, $n=31$

Number of protons in the atom is equal to the atomic number.

$\begin{array}{l}Z=p\\ =26\end{array}$

Atomic mass is equal to the sum of number of neutrons and number of protons.

$\begin{array}{l}A=26+31\\ =57\end{array}$

The atomic number 26 corresponds to iron (Fe) in the periodic table.

Conclusion

The given element is an isotope of iron with the atomic symbol $\underset{\_}{\text{F}\text{e}}$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atomic symbols for the given set of values have to be stated.

Concept introduction: The atomic symbol for an isotope is written as $\text{X}$, where $\text{X}$ represents the symbol of the element, $Z$  represents the atomic number of the element and $A$  represents the atomic mass or mass number of the element.

To determine: The atomic symbol $\left(\text{X}\right)$  for the isotope of $\text{I}$ with a mass number of $131$

Answer to Problem 45E

Answer

The atomic symbol for the given isotope is $\text{I}$.

Explanation of Solution

Given

Isotope of iodine, with mass number, $A=131$

Atomic number of an Iodine is 53.

$Z(\text{number of protons})=53$

Therefore, the symbol for isotope is $\text{I}$.

Conclusion

The given isotope of iodine has an atomic symbol as $\underset{\_}{\text{I}}$.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atomic symbols for the given set of values have to be stated.

Concept introduction: The atomic symbol for an isotope is written as $\text{X}$, where $\text{X}$ represents the symbol of the element, $Z$  represents the atomic number of the element and $A$  represents the atomic mass or mass number of the element.

To determine: The atomic symbol $\left(\text{X}\right)$ for the given isotope.

Answer to Problem 45E

Answer

The atomic symbol for the given isotope is $\text{L}\text{i}$.

Explanation of Solution

Given

Atomic number, $Z=3$

Number of neutrons, $n=4$

The atomic mass is equal to the sum of atomic number and number of neutrons.

$A=Z+n$

Substitute the values of $Z$  and $n$,

$A=3+4=7$

The atomic number 3 corresponds to lithium $\left(\text{Li}\right)$ in the periodic table.

Conclusion

The given element is an isotope of lithium which has the symbol $\underset{\_}{\text{L}\text{i}}$