The time required for the light to reach Earth from the Sun is to be calculated. Concept introduction: Dimensional analysis is a way to convert the units of measurement. In order to convert one unit to another, one needs to know the relationship between those units. These relationships are called conversion factors. Dimensional analysis is used to set up and solve a unit conversion problem using conversion factors. Conversion factor is a fraction obtained from a relationship between the units. It is written as a ratio, and can be inverted to give two conversion factors for every relationship. 1 mi = 1609.34 m , to convert mi to meter, the conversion factor is 1609.34 m 1 mi . 1 min = 60 s , to convert minute to second, the conversion factor is 60 s 1 min . speed = distance time and time = distance speed .
The time required for the light to reach Earth from the Sun is to be calculated. Concept introduction: Dimensional analysis is a way to convert the units of measurement. In order to convert one unit to another, one needs to know the relationship between those units. These relationships are called conversion factors. Dimensional analysis is used to set up and solve a unit conversion problem using conversion factors. Conversion factor is a fraction obtained from a relationship between the units. It is written as a ratio, and can be inverted to give two conversion factors for every relationship. 1 mi = 1609.34 m , to convert mi to meter, the conversion factor is 1609.34 m 1 mi . 1 min = 60 s , to convert minute to second, the conversion factor is 60 s 1 min . speed = distance time and time = distance speed .
Solution Summary: The author explains how to calculate the time required for the light to reach Earth from the Sun. Dimensional analysis is a way to convert the units of measurement.
Definition Definition Rate at which light travels, measured in a vacuum. The speed of light is a universal physical constant used in many areas of physics, most commonly denoted by the letter c . The value of the speed of light c = 299,792,458 m/s, but for most of the calculations, the value of the speed of light is approximated as c = 3 x 10 8 m/s.
Chapter 1, Problem 60QP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The time required for the light to reach Earth from the Sun is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Dimensional analysis is a way to convert the units of measurement. In order to convert one unit to another, one needs to know the relationship between those units. These relationships are called conversion factors. Dimensional analysis is used to set up and solve a unit conversion problem using conversion factors.
Conversion factor is a fraction obtained from a relationship between the units. It is written as a ratio, and can be inverted to give two conversion factors for every relationship.
1 mi=1609.34 m, to convert mi to meter, the conversion factor is 1609.34 m1 mi.
1 min=60 s, to convert minute to second, the conversion factor is 60s1min.
21.38 Arrange the molecules in each set in order of increasing acidity (from least acidic to
most acidic).
OH
OH
SH
NH2
8
NH3
OH
(b)
OH
OH
OH
(c)
& & &
CH3
NO2
21.39 Explain the trends in the acidity of phenol and the monofluoro derivatives of phenol.
OH
OH
OH
OH
PK 10.0
PK 8.81
PK 9.28
PK 9.81
identify which spectrum is for acetaminophen and which is for phenacetin
The Concept of Aromaticity
21.15 State the number of 2p orbital electrons in each molecule or ion.
(a)
(b)
(e)
(f)
(c)
(d)
(h)
(i)
DA
(k)
21.16 Which of the molecules and ions given in Problem 21.15 are aromatic according to the
Hückel criteria? Which, if planar, would be antiaromatic?
21.17 Which of the following structures are considered aromatic according to the Hückel
criteria?
---0-0
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(h)
H
-H
.8.0-
21.18 Which of the molecules and ions from Problem 21.17 have electrons donated by a
heteroatom?