Chapter 1, Problem 51P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Compounds ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{Cl}$ , ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_4\text{Si}$ , ${\text{ClCH}}_2{\text{OCH}}_2\text{Cl}$ , ${\text{CH}}_3{\text{OCH}}_2\text{Cl}$ and ${\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_3{\text{C}}^{+}$ should be ranked with regard to their cancer-causing potency.

Concept introduction:The difference in electronegativity gives rise to partial positive and negative charges on two atoms. The extent of polarity is quantitatively expressed as dipole moment. It is quantitatively defined as product of charges of two bonded atoms and the separation between them. The electronegativity difference decides the direction of dipole moment. It is indicated by an arrow head from positive end towards negative end. For example,the carbonyl bond is polar with partial postive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.