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Yeast and other organisms can convert glucose
Calculate the mass of glucose required to produce 2.25 L of
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Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
- 62 Ammonium dinitramide (ADN), NH4N(NO2)2, was considered as a possible replacement for aluminium chloride as the oxidizer in the solid fuel booster rockets used to launch the space shuttle. When detonated by a spark, AND rapidly decomposes to produce a gaseous mixture of N2,O2, and H2O. (This is not a combustion reaction. The ADN is the only reactant.) The reaction releases a lot of heat, so the gases are initially formed at high temperature and pressure. The thrust of the rocket results mainly from the expansion of this gas mixture. Suppose a 2.3-kg sample of ADN is denoted and decomposes completely to give N2,O2, and H2O. If the resulting gas mixture expands until it reaches a temperature of 100°C and a pressure of 1.00 atm, what volume will it occupy? Is your answer consistent with the proposed use of ADN as a rocket fuel?arrow_forwardOne of the components of polluted air is NO. It is formed in the high-temperature environment of internal combustion engines by the following reaction: N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g)H=180KJ Why are high temperatures needed to convert N2 and O2 to NO?arrow_forwardCalcium carbide, CaC2, is manufactured by reducing lime with carbon at high temperature. (The carbide is used in turn to make acetylene, an industrially important organic chemical.) Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?arrow_forward
- Use the appropriate tables to calculate H for (a) the reaction between copper(II) oxide and carbon monoxide to give copper metal and carbon dioxide. (b) the decomposition of one mole of methyl alcohol (CH3OH) to methane and oxygen gases.arrow_forwardHow does hydraulic fracturing differ from previously used techniques for the recovery of natural gas from the earth?arrow_forwardChlorine dioxide, ClO2, is a reddish yellow gas used in bleaching paper pulp. The average speed of a ClO2 molecule at 25C is 306 m/s. What is the kinetic energy (in joules) of a ClO2 molecule moving at this speed?arrow_forward
- Alchemists produced elemental mercury by roasting cinnabar ore in air: HgS(s)+O2(g)→Hg(l)+SO2(g) The volatility and toxicity of mercury make this a hazardous procedure, which likely shortened the life span of many alchemists. Given 100 g of cinnabar, how much elemental mercury can be produced from this reaction?arrow_forwardAlthough we tend to make less use of mercury these days because of the environmental problems created by its improper disposal, mercury is still an important metal because of its unusual property of existing as a liquid at room temperature. One process by which mercury is produced industrially is through the heating of its common ore cinnabar (mercuric sulfide, HgS) with lime (calcium oxide, CaO). 4 HgS(s) + 4 CaO(s) → 4 Hg(l) + 3 CaS(s) + CaSO4(s) What mass of mercury would be produced by complete reaction of 10.7 kg of HgS? kgarrow_forwardThe atmosphere slowly oxidizes hydrocarbons in a number of steps that eventually convert the hydrocarbon into carbon dioxide and water. The overall reaction of a number of such steps for methane gas is:CH4(g) + 5 O2(g) + 5 NO(g) ------> CO2(g) + H2O(g) + 5 NO2(g) + 2 OH(g) Suppose that an atmospheric chemist combines 155 mL of methane at STP, 885 mL of oxygen at STP, and 55.5 mL of NO at STP in a 2.0-L flask. The flask stands for several weeks at 275 K. If the reaction reaches 90.0% of completion (90.0% of the limiting reactant is consumed), what is the partial pressure of each of the reactants and products in the flask at 275 K? What is the total pressure in the flask?arrow_forward
- 10) Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon only. Burning hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen, O2, produces carbon She oxide, CO₂, and water, H₂O. Methane, CH4, is a hydrocarbon used primarily as fuel to make heat and light. The overall reaction of a number of such steps of methane gas is: CH4(g) + O2(g) + NO(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) + NO2(g) + OH(g) Suppose that 3.92 L of methane at STP, 10.8 L of oxygen at STP, and 8.3 L of nitrogen monoxide at STP were combined in a 7.0 L flask. The reaction is allowed the stand for several weeks at 275 K. If the reaction reaches 79.5% of completion, what is the total pressure in the flask? What is the partial pressure of CH4(g) and H2O(g) in the flask?arrow_forwardIn a rigid 2.0 L container, a solid catalyst is used to convert ammonia into nitrogen and hydrogen gas via an endothermic process, shown below. 2 NH3 (g) → N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) Initially, the container contains only ammonia at pressure of 2.56 atm and a temperature of 25 °C. The reaction proceeds and the final temperature of the product mixture is 15 °C. Assuming the reaction went to completion, what is the change in pressure in the container?arrow_forward3. A 4.430 g mixture containing CaCO3 (s) is heated until all CaCO3 (s) is decomposed completely. CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g) (molar mass: CaCO3=100.0, CaO=56.1, CO2= 44.0 g/mole) The CO2 (g) liberated from the above reaction is collected over water at 27 °C and a total pressure of 750. torr. The volume of CO2 (g) is 432 ml and the vapor pressure of water at 27 °C is 26.7 torr. Calculate the percent CaCO3 (s) in the mixture Setup:arrow_forward
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