Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134477206
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 14CT
The ability of farmers around the world to produce crops such as corn, wheat and rice is often limited by the lack of nitrogen-based fertilizer. How might scientists use Beijerinck’s discovery to increase world supplies of grain?
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Miracle RiceRice is a staple food in Asia. In the 1950s, Asia faced food shortages and an impending famine. If you have relatives that lived in Asia during the ’50s and ’60s, they may tell you that due to the rice shortage, many starved and those who were lucky had to supplement their diet with other crops, such as barley. In 1962, an organization focused on research and development of rice called the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) developed a high-yielding variety of rice by crossing the two types of rice from Indonesia and China. The result was groundbreaking. The new variety called IR8 (India Rice 8) increased its yield as much as 10 times the traditional variety of rice. By the early 1970s, many rice farmers in India, the Philippines, and Vietnam switched to cultivating IR8 rice, making these countries into major rice exporters, preventing a mass famine in Asia, and saving millions of lives.
IRRI is currently in the process of developing a new variety of rice called…
Miracle RiceRice is a staple food in Asia. In the 1950s, Asia faced food shortages and an impending famine. If you have relatives that lived in Asia during the ’50s and ’60s, they may tell you that due to the rice shortage, many starved and those who were lucky had to supplement their diet with other crops, such as barley. In 1962, an organization focused on research and development of rice called the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) developed a high-yielding variety of rice by crossing the two types of rice from Indonesia and China. The result was groundbreaking. The new variety called IR8 (India Rice 8) increased its yield as much as 10 times the traditional variety of rice. By the early 1970s, many rice farmers in India, the Philippines, and Vietnam switched to cultivating IR8 rice, making these countries into major rice exporters, preventing a mass famine in Asia, and saving millions of lives.
Although IR8 was widely cultivated in Asia in the ’70s, it is no longer…
The practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relationship, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Why would nitrogen-fixing plants be plowed under instead of harvested?
a) To increases usable nitrogen in the soil.
b) To increase water retention.
c) Nitrogen-fixing plants are not a food crop.
d) To decrease bacteria in the soil.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Ch. 1 - Some people consider Leeuwenhoek the Father of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 1 - Some people consider Pasteur or Koch to be the...Ch. 1 - Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Ellen screamed...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3TMWCh. 1 - Which of the following microorganisms are not...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 1 - In which habitat would you most likely find...Ch. 1 - Of the following scientists, who first promulgated...Ch. 1 - Which of the following scientists hypothesized...
Ch. 1 - Prob. 6MCCh. 1 - Prob. 7MCCh. 1 - Prob. 8MCCh. 1 - A scientist who studies the role of microorganisms...Ch. 1 - The laboratory of Robert Koch contributed which of...Ch. 1 - Fill in the Blanks 1. Environmental microbiology...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 1 - Fill in the Blanks 3. Chemotherapy _______________Ch. 1 - Fill in the Blanks 4. Immunology _______________Ch. 1 - Fill in the Blanks 5. Infection control...Ch. 1 - Fill in the Blanks 6. Etiology _______________Ch. 1 - Fill in the Blanks 7. Epidemiology _______________Ch. 1 - Fill in the Blanks 8. Biotechnology...Ch. 1 - Fill in the Blanks 9. Food microbiology...Ch. 1 - Why was the theory of spontaneous generation a...Ch. 1 - Discuss the significant difference between the...Ch. 1 - List six types of microorganisms.Ch. 1 - Defend this statement: The investigations of...Ch. 1 - Why would a macroscopic tapeworm be studied in...Ch. 1 - Describe what has been called the Golden Age of...Ch. 1 - List four major questions that drive...Ch. 1 - Refer to the four steps in the scientific method...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9SACh. 1 - What does the term HAI (nosocomial infection) have...Ch. 1 - Match each of the following descriptions with the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1VICh. 1 - Show where microbes ended up in Pasteurs...Ch. 1 - If Robert Koch had become interested in a viral...Ch. 1 - In 1911, the Polish scientist Casimir Funk...Ch. 1 - Haemophilus influenzae does not cause flu, but it...Ch. 1 - Just before winter break in early December, your...Ch. 1 - Design an experiment to prove that microbes do not...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6CTCh. 1 - Compare and contrast the investigations of Redi,...Ch. 1 - If you were a career counselor directing a student...Ch. 1 - A few bacteria produce disease because they derive...Ch. 1 - How might the debate over spontaneous generation...Ch. 1 - French microbiologists, led by Pasteur, tried to...Ch. 1 - Why arent Kochs postulates always useful in...Ch. 1 - Albert Kluyver said, From elephant to ......Ch. 1 - The ability of farmers around the world to produce...Ch. 1 - Using the following terms, fill in the following...
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- Macronutrients derives from the Greek prefix makro-, which means which of the following? Small Large Far Neararrow_forwardWhy is nitrogen important to living things? What type of organism is responsible for making nitrogen available to plants?arrow_forwardWhy did the Dazhai Way method for farming increase yields quickly, but then dramatically drop off?arrow_forward
- Why is the Nitrogen content of Fertilizers so important?arrow_forwardThe practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relationship, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Why would nitrogen-fixing plants be plowed under instead of harvested? * To increase water retention. Nitrogen-fixing plants are not a food crop. To increases usable nitrogen in the soil. To decrease bacteria in the soil.arrow_forwardThe practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relationship, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Crop rotation would allow the farmer to reduce which of the following? a) Planting seeds. b) Watering the fields. c) The use of manufactured fertilizer. d) The burning of fossil fuels by farm equipment.arrow_forward
- Nitrogen deficiency stunts plant growth and causesleaves to turn yellow and then die. Why does nitrogendeficiency cause these symptoms? Hint: Think aboutwhich biological molecules incorporate nitrogen atoms.arrow_forward- Situation 3: Irrigation was used when soil moisture dropped to 1%. a. If irrigation begins when soil moisture reaches 49%, what application of nitrogen will result in the lowest percentage of protein in wheat grain? b. If irrigation begins when soil moisture reaches 34%, what application of nitrogen will result in the same protein content of wheat grain as begin- ning irrigation when soil moisture reaches 1%? c. If you irrigate when soil moisture reaches 34%, how much nitrogen should you apply to achieve a 13% protein content in wheat grain? d. Does Figure 1.45 indicate that, for nitrogen levels at 45 pounds per acre or higher, increased protein content in wheat grain is associated with higher or lower soil moisture? 14 1% 13+ 34% 12 49% 11+ 10- 6, 40 60 80 100 120 140 Nitrogen FIGURE 1.45 Protein content versus availability of nitrogen % Protein 20arrow_forwardThe practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relationship, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Which of the following is not an abiotic factor that affects plants being used in crop rotation? a) NH3 availability b) Soil temperature c) Herbivore density d) Oxygen concentrationarrow_forward
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