A First Course in Probability
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321794772
Author: Sheldon Ross
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1.1TE
Prove the generalized version of the basic counting principle.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
A First Course in Probability
Ch. 1 - a. How many different 7-place license plates are...Ch. 1 - How many outcome sequences are possible ten a die...Ch. 1 - Twenty workers are to be assigned to 20 different...Ch. 1 - John, Jim, Jay, and Jack have formed a band...Ch. 1 - For years, telephone area codes in the United...Ch. 1 - A well-known nursery rhyme starts as follows: As I...Ch. 1 - a. In how many ways can 3 boys and 3 girls sit in...Ch. 1 - When all letters are used, how many different...Ch. 1 - A child has 12 blocks, of which 6 are black, 4 are...Ch. 1 - In how many ways can 8 people be seated in a row...
Ch. 1 - In how many ways can 3 novels. 2 mathematics...Ch. 1 - Five separate awards (best scholarship, best...Ch. 1 - Consider a group of 20 people. If everyone shakes...Ch. 1 - How many 5-card poker hands are there?Ch. 1 - A dance class consists of 22 students, of which 10...Ch. 1 - A student has to sell 2 books from a collection of...Ch. 1 - Seven different gifts are to be distributed among...Ch. 1 - A committee of 7, consisting of 2 Republicans, 2...Ch. 1 - From a group of 8 women and 6 men, a committee...Ch. 1 - A person has 8 friends, of whom S will be invited...Ch. 1 - Consider the grid of points shown at the top of...Ch. 1 - In Problem 23, how many different paths are there...Ch. 1 - A psychology laboratory conducting dream research...Ch. 1 - Expand (3x2+y)5.Ch. 1 - The game of bridge is played by 4 players, each of...Ch. 1 - Expand (x1+2x2+3x3)4.Ch. 1 - If 12 people are to be divided into 3 committees...Ch. 1 - If 8 new teachers are to be divided among 4...Ch. 1 - Ten weight lifters are competing in a team...Ch. 1 - Delegates from 10 countries, including Russia,...Ch. 1 - If 8 identical blackboards are to be divided among...Ch. 1 - An elevator starts at the basement with 8 people...Ch. 1 - We have 520.000 that must be invested among 4...Ch. 1 - Suppose that 10 fish are caught at a lake that...Ch. 1 - Prove the generalized version of the basic...Ch. 1 - Two experiments are to be performed. The first can...Ch. 1 - In how many ways can r objects be selected from a...Ch. 1 - There are (nr) different linear arrangements of n...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of vectors (x1,...,xn), such...Ch. 1 - How many vectors x1,...,xk are there for which...Ch. 1 - Give an analytic proof of Equation (4.1).Ch. 1 - Prove that (n+mr)=(n0)(mr)+(n1)(mr1)+...+(nr)(m0)...Ch. 1 - Use Theoretical Exercise 8 I to prove that...Ch. 1 - From a group of n people, suppose that we want to...Ch. 1 - The following identity is known as Fermats...Ch. 1 - Consider the following combinatorial identity:...Ch. 1 - Show that, for n0 ,i=0n(1)i(ni)=0 Hint: Use the...Ch. 1 - From a set of n people, a committee of size j is...Ch. 1 - Let Hn(n) be the number of vectors x1,...,xk for...Ch. 1 - Consider a tournament of n contestants in which...Ch. 1 - Present a combinatorial explanation of why...Ch. 1 - Argue...Ch. 1 - Prove the multinomial theorem.Ch. 1 - In how many ways can n identical balls be...Ch. 1 - Argue that there are exactly (rk)(n1nr+k)...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.22TECh. 1 - Determine the number of vectors (xi,...,xn) such...Ch. 1 - How many different linear arrangements are there...Ch. 1 - If 4 Americans, 3 French people, and 3 British...Ch. 1 - A president. treasurer, and secretary. all...Ch. 1 - A student is to answer 7 out of 10 questions in an...Ch. 1 - In how many ways can a man divide 7 gifts among...Ch. 1 - How many different 7-place license plates are...Ch. 1 - Give a combinatorial explanation of the...Ch. 1 - Consider n-digit numbers where each digit is one...Ch. 1 - Consider three classes, each consisting of n...Ch. 1 - How many 5-digit numbers can be formed from the...Ch. 1 - From 10 married couples, we want to select a group...Ch. 1 - A committee of 6 people is to be chosen from a...Ch. 1 - An art collection on auction consisted of 4 Dalis,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.14STPECh. 1 - A total of n students are enrolled in a review...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.16STPECh. 1 - Give an analytic verification of...Ch. 1 - In a certain community, there are 3 families...Ch. 1 - If there are no restrictions on where the digits...Ch. 1 - Verify that the...
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- Total marks 14 4. Let X and Y be random variables on a probability space (N, F, P) that take values in [0, ∞). Assume that the joint density function of X and Y on [0, ∞) × [0, ∞) is given by f(x, y) = 2e-2x-y Find the probability P(0 ≤ X ≤ 1,0 ≤ y ≤ 2). (ii) spectively. [6 Marks] Find the the probability density function of X and Y, re- [5 Marks] 111) Are the X and Y independent? Justify your answer! [3 Marks]arrow_forwardTotal marks 17 4. Let (,,P) be a probability space and let X : → R be a ran- dom variable that has Gamma(2, 1) distribution, i.e., the distribution of the random variable X is the probability measure on ((0, ∞), B((0, ∞))) given by (i) dPx(x) = xex dx. Find the characteristic function of the random variable X. [8 Marks] (ii) Using the result of (i), calculate the first three moments of the random variable X, i.e., E(X") for n = 1, 2, 3. Using Markov's inequality involving E(X³), (iii) probability P(X > 10). [6 Marks] estimate the [3 Marks]arrow_forward1. There are 8 balls in an urn, of which 6 balls are red, 1 ball is blue and 1 ball is white. You draw a ball from the urn at random, note its colour, do not return the ball to the urn, and then draw a second ball, note its colour, do not return the ball to the urn, and finally draw a third ball, note its colour. (i) (Q, F, P). Describe the corresponding discrete probability space [7 Marks] (ii) Consider the following event, A: At least one of the first two balls is red.arrow_forward
- 3. Consider the following discrete probability space. Let = {aaa, bbb, ccc, abc, acb, bac, bca, cab, cba}, i.e., consists of 3-letter 'words' aaa, bbb, ccc, and all six possible 3-letter 'words' that have a single letter a, a single letter b, and a single letter c. The probability measure P is given by 1 P(w) = for each weΩ. 9 Consider the following events: A: the first letter of a 'word' is a, B: the second letter of a 'word' is a, C: the third letter of a 'word' is a. answer! Decide whether the statements bellow are true or false. Justify your (i) The events A, B, C are pairwise independent. (ii) The events A, B, C are independent. Total marks 7 [7 Marks]arrow_forwardLet X and Y have the following joint probability density function: fxy(x,y) =1/(x²²), for >>1, y>1 0, otherwise Let U = 5XY and V = 3 x. In all question parts below, give your answers to three decimal places (where appropriate). (a) The non-zero part of the joint probability density function of U and V is given by fu,v(u,v) = A√³uc for some constants A, B, C. Find the value of A. Answer: 5 Question 5 Answer saved Flag question Find the value of B. Answer: -1 Question 6 Answer saved P Flag question (b) The support of (U,V), namely the values of u and vthat correspond to the non-zero part of fu,v(u,v) given in part (a), is given by:arrow_forwardTotal marks 13. 3. There are three urns. Urn I contains 3 blue balls and 5 white balls; urn II contains 2 blue balls and 6 white balls; urn III contains 4 blue balls and 4 white balls. Rolling a dice, if 1 appears, we draw a ball from urn I; if 4 or 5 or 6 appears, we draw a ball from urn II; if 2, or 3 appears, we draw a ball from urn III. (i) What is the probability to draw a blue ball? [7 Marks] (ii) Assume that a blue ball is drawn. What is the probability that it came from Urn I? [6 Marks] Turn over. MA-252: Page 3 of 4arrow_forward
- 3. Consider the discrete probability space with the sample space = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h} and the probability measure P given by P(w) for each wEN. Consider the following events: A = {a, c, e, g}, B = {b, c, d, e}, C = = {a, b, d, g}. Decide whether the statements bellow are true or false. Justify your answer! (i) The events A, B, C are pairwise independent. (ii) The events A, B, C are independent. Total marks 6 [6 Marks]arrow_forward2. space Consider the discrete probability space (N, F, P) with the sample N = {W1 W2 W3 W4 W5, W6, W7, W8, W9, W10, W11, W12}, is the power of 2, and the probability measure P is given by 1 P(wi) for each i = 1, 12. 12 Consider the following events: A = {W1, W3, W5, W7, W9, W11}, C = B = {W1, WA, W7, W8, W9, W12}, = {W3, WA, W5, W6, W9, W12}. Decide whether the statements bellow are true or false. Justify your answer! (i) The events A, B, C are pairwise independent. [5 Marks] Total marks 8 (ii) The events A, B, C are independent. [3 Marks]arrow_forwardshould my answer be 2.632 or -2.632?arrow_forward
- 2. Alice has three unfair coins. The first coin shows heads with proba- bility 0.3 and tails with probability 0.7. The second coin shows heads with probability 0.9 and tails with probability 0.1. The third coin shows heads with probability 0.4 and tails with probability 0.6. First, Alice throws a dice. If the dice yields a 1 or 2, Alice tosses the first coin. If the dice yields a 3, Alice tosses the second coin. If the dice yields a 4 or 5, or 6, Alice tosses the third coin. (i) What is the probability of the following event: as a result of throwing the dice and then tossing a coin, tails appear. [7 Marks] Assume a coin shows tails. What is the probability that Alice (ii) tossed (a) the first coin; (b) the second coin; Total marks 11 (c) the third coin? [4 Marks]arrow_forwardIn a Poisson process with A = 500 arrivals per day, find the approximate probability that the thousandth arrival comes between 47.5 and 48.5 hours after the start of observations.arrow_forwardSuppose you generate 300 independent observations X1, ..., X300 from a Uniform(0,3) distribution. a) What is the approximate distribution of X? b) What is the approximate probability that X is less than 1.57? c) What is the approximate probability that the sum S300 = X₁++X300 is between 442 and 483?arrow_forward
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