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You want to understand how the density of P-selectin in blood vessel walls affects the rolling interactions of neutrophils when they are subjected to hydrodynamic drag forces in the blood. You introduce P-selectin into a synthetic lipid bilayer and attach it to a glass slide mounted in a flow chamber. This arrangement allows you to measure neutrophil attachment at different densities of P-selectin and at different flow rates. At high densities, from 30 to 400 P-selectin molecules per µm², the neutrophils attached to the membrane and rolled very slowly and jerkily in the direction of the flow (see cell 1 in the figure). At the same flow rate, but at a density of 15 P-selectins per µm², the neutrophils behaved differently: they either moved at the flow rate of the medium or were transiently tethered-horizontal lines marked by t-before moving again (cell 2 in the figure). Neutrophils showed this same behavior at a density of 1 P-selectins per μm² and half the flow rate: moving at the flow rate or transiently tethering (cell 3 in the figure). When the bilayer surface was treated with an antibody against P-selectin, no tethering occurred. What is the point of doing the experiments with and without antibody against P-selectin? cell displacement (μm) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 cell 2 cell 3 cell 1 2 time (seconds) 15 P-selectins/μm² 1 P-selectin/μm² 30 P-selectins/um² 5 (Adapted from R. Alon, D.A. Hammer and T.A. Springer, Nature 374:539-542, 1995.) Choose one: OA. Experiments with antibodies test if neutrophil tethering is due to P-selectins in the bilayer. O B. Experiments without antibodies test if P-selectins on neutrophils can bind the lipid bilayer. O C. Experiments without antibodies test whether neutrophils can bind to lipids in the bilayer. O D. Experiments with antibodies test if P-selectins in neutrophils cause them to bind the bilayer.

You want to understand how the density of P-selectin in blood vessel walls affects the rolling interactions of neutrophils when they are subjected to hydrodynamic drag forces in the blood. You introduce P-selectin into a synthetic lipid bilayer and attach it to a glass slide mounted in a flow chamber. This arrangement allows you to measure neutrophil attachment at different densities of P-selectin and at different flow rates. At high densities, from 30 to 400 P-selectin molecules per µm², the neutrophils attached to the membrane and rolled very slowly and jerkily in the direction of the flow (see cell 1 in the figure). At the same flow rate, but at a density of 15 P-selectins per µm², the neutrophils behaved differently: they either moved at the flow rate of the medium or were transiently tethered-horizontal lines marked by t-before moving again (cell 2 in the figure). Neutrophils showed this same behavior at a density of 1 P-selectins per μm² and half the flow rate: moving at the flow rate or transiently tethering (cell 3 in the figure). When the bilayer surface was treated with an antibody against P-selectin, no tethering occurred. What is the point of doing the experiments with and without antibody against P-selectin? cell displacement (μm) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 cell 2 cell 3 cell 1 2 time (seconds) 15 P-selectins/μm² 1 P-selectin/μm² 30 P-selectins/um² 5 (Adapted from R. Alon, D.A. Hammer and T.A. Springer, Nature 374:539-542, 1995.) Choose one: OA. Experiments with antibodies test if neutrophil tethering is due to P-selectins in the bilayer. O B. Experiments without antibodies test if P-selectins on neutrophils can bind the lipid bilayer. O C. Experiments without antibodies test whether neutrophils can bind to lipids in the bilayer. O D. Experiments with antibodies test if P-selectins in neutrophils cause them to bind the bilayer.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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You want to understand how the density of P-selectin in blood vessel walls affects the rolling interactions of neutrophils when they are subjected to hydrodynamic drag forces in the blood. You introduce P-selectin into a synthetic lipid bilayer and attach it to a glass slide mounted in a flow chamber. This arrangement allows you to measure neutrophil attachment at different densities of P-selectin and at different flow rates. At high densities, from 30 to 400 P-selectin molecules per µm², the neutrophils attached to the membrane and rolled very slowly and jerkily in the direction of the flow (see cell 1 in the figure). At the same flow rate, but at a density of 15 P-selectins per µm², the neutrophils behaved differently: they either moved at the flow rate of the medium or were transiently tethered-horizontal lines marked by t-before moving again (cell 2 in the figure). Neutrophils showed this same behavior at a density of 1 P-selectins per μm² and half the flow rate: moving at the flow rate or transiently tethering (cell 3 in the figure). When the bilayer surface was treated with an antibody against P-selectin, no tethering occurred. What is the point of doing the experiments with and without antibody against P-selectin? cell displacement (μm) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 cell 2 cell 3 cell 1 2 time (seconds) 15 P-selectins/μm² 1 P-selectin/μm² 30 P-selectins/um² 5 (Adapted from R. Alon, D.A. Hammer and T.A. Springer, Nature 374:539-542, 1995.) Choose one: O A. Experiments with antibodies test if neutrophil tethering is due to P-selectins in the bilayer. O B. Experiments without antibodies test if P-selectins on neutrophils can bind the lipid bilayer. O C. Experiments without antibodies test whether neutrophils can bind to lipids in the bilayer. O D. Experiments with antibodies test if P-selectins in neutrophils cause them to bind the bilayer.
Transcribed Image Text:You want to understand how the density of P-selectin in blood vessel walls affects the rolling interactions of neutrophils when they are subjected to hydrodynamic drag forces in the blood. You introduce P-selectin into a synthetic lipid bilayer and attach it to a glass slide mounted in a flow chamber. This arrangement allows you to measure neutrophil attachment at different densities of P-selectin and at different flow rates. At high densities, from 30 to 400 P-selectin molecules per µm², the neutrophils attached to the membrane and rolled very slowly and jerkily in the direction of the flow (see cell 1 in the figure). At the same flow rate, but at a density of 15 P-selectins per µm², the neutrophils behaved differently: they either moved at the flow rate of the medium or were transiently tethered-horizontal lines marked by t-before moving again (cell 2 in the figure). Neutrophils showed this same behavior at a density of 1 P-selectins per μm² and half the flow rate: moving at the flow rate or transiently tethering (cell 3 in the figure). When the bilayer surface was treated with an antibody against P-selectin, no tethering occurred. What is the point of doing the experiments with and without antibody against P-selectin? cell displacement (μm) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 cell 2 cell 3 cell 1 2 time (seconds) 15 P-selectins/μm² 1 P-selectin/μm² 30 P-selectins/um² 5 (Adapted from R. Alon, D.A. Hammer and T.A. Springer, Nature 374:539-542, 1995.) Choose one: O A. Experiments with antibodies test if neutrophil tethering is due to P-selectins in the bilayer. O B. Experiments without antibodies test if P-selectins on neutrophils can bind the lipid bilayer. O C. Experiments without antibodies test whether neutrophils can bind to lipids in the bilayer. O D. Experiments with antibodies test if P-selectins in neutrophils cause them to bind the bilayer.
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