You have set up a distillation apparatus to purify benzyl acetone (4-phenyl-2-butanone), which is contaminated with butyrophenone (1-phenylbutan-1-one). a) Calculate the relative volatility of the two compounds. b) Calculate the optimum reflux ratio for such a distillation. c) How many theoretical plates would be required to perform such a distillation? Benzylacetone bp = 235°C Butyrophenone bp = 229°C
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- 2. Is it possible to purify a compound by recrystallization using a mixture of solvents? Why or why not?Why the Refractive Index of hexane and heptane from simple distillation closer to the refractive index of hexane and heptane from fractional distillation?6.0 mL of cyclohexanol, 8 mL of 85% phosphoric acid, and 10 drops of sulfuric acid are added to a 50-mL round-bottom flask with boiling chips, and the mixture is distilled into an ice-cooled receiver. The distillate is in the form of a colorless bi-phasic mixture. The cyclohexene upper layer is removed from the water layer, and dried over anhydrous calcium chloride. Isolated is cyclohexene as a clear and colorless foul-smelling liquid. Weighing data is given below. Gross mass: 51.24 g Tare mass: 48.04 g Product mass: 3.2g Question: Calculate the theoretical mass of the cyclohexene product, bearing in mind that the cyclohexanol starting material was measured by volume, not by mass (so you must use the density of cyclohexanol to convert milliliters to grams, before calculating the number of moles). Calculate the percent yield of cyclohexene obtained.
- How do you construct a flow chart using extraction to separate a mixture of the 3 solids used below if dicholoromethane is the solvent and any other reagents can be used. The 3 solids are: pyrazole, p-chlorobenzoic acid, and benzophenone.Will the melting point increase or decrease with the benzoic acid, 4-chloroanaline, and naphthalene if : -You do not remove all of the HCl from the first extraction (mixture) -You forget to do the NaOH extraction (aq layer) -You do not rotovap all of the solvent in the final step (organic layer)To determine the soil distribution coefficient (Kd), 10 g of dry soil is spiked with 100 mg of ring-labeled 14C-atrazine, 10 mL of deionized water is added, and the system is shaken for 24 hours. The aqueous and solid phases are separated, and the solid phase is extracted with 50 mL of methylene chloride while the aqueous phase is extracted with three successive 5 mL portions of methylene chloride. The atrazine concentration in the 50 mL of soil extract is 10 mg/L, and the concentration in the combined 15 mL from the aqueous extractions is 0.4 mg/L. Based on this information, calculate Kd.
- . Given the following drugs in a urine specimen: Cocaine alkaloid Secobarbital (a derivative of barbituric acid) Carisoprodol (a neutral drug) Devise an analytical flow chart that will be used to separate these substances from a urine specimen. The separation will be liquid extraction methods. Choose appropriate solvents and reagents based on the properties of the materials to be separated.Your employer hands you a heterogeneous mixture and asks you to isolate all of thehexane that you can from it. After some analysis, you determine that the mixture contains toluene, hexane,benzoic acid, water, sodium chloride, and sand. Explain how you would isolate pure hexane from thismixture. Remember that you can use techniques such as filtration, extractions, and acid/base chemistrythat we learned earlier in this course in addition to distillation. You may need to look up solubilities and/orboiling points online to solve this problem. You only need to isolate the hexane?What method of separation would you use to isolate compound B from an ether solution containing a mixture of the two compounds below? OH A B Extract with base, isolate the aqueous layer, neutralize with acid, filter the precipitate and dry Extract with acid, isolate the aqueous layer, neutralize with base, filter the precipitate and dry Extract with base, isolate the organic layer, dry with magnesium sulfate, and evaporate the solvent Extract with acid, isolate the organic layer, dry with magnesium sulfate, and evaporate the solvent Extract with base, isolate the organic layer, neutralize with acid, filter the precipitate and dry Extract with acid, isolate the organic layer, neutralize with base, filter the precipitate and dry
- A sample mixture contains a mixture of ethanol, cyclopentane, and 1-nitropropane. Using fractional distillation, the highest volume of distillate came out at 130-135 °C. After pooling these fractions, the corrected refractive index of the compound was found to be 1.4018 at 20 °C. Then the IR spectrum of the sample was taken, as shown in the picture below. Based on the experimental data, what is the identity of the unknown compound? Using the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Spectral Databases, and or Table 21.2 in Mohrig and explain your reasoning!A student dissolved a mixture of benzoic acid (C6H5CO₂H), phenol (C6H5OH) and 1,4 dimethoxybenzene (CH3OC6H4OCH3) in t-butyl methyl ether. She extracted the solution with 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and labeled the extract A. She then extracted the ether solution with 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide, and labeled that extract B. She added 12 M aqueous HCl to these two extracts, producing a white precipitate in each. The precipitate obtained from solution A is probably... dimethoxybenzene benzoic acid t-butyl methyl ether Ophenol NaClYou have a sample of 90 mL cola drink that contains 50 mg of dissolved caffeine. Calculate the total mass of caffeine extracted using 54 mL of dichloromethane in each of the following procedures: the entire volume of dichloromethane is used in one step; the dichloromethane is divided into two (27 mL) portions in a two-step extraction and into three (18 mL) portions in a three-step extraction. Please use two decimal places. Number of extraction steps One Step Two Steps Three Steps Extracted caffeine mass (mg) (Submit)