Macmillan Learning During exercise when the body lacks an adequate supply of oxygen to support energy production, the pyruvate that is produced from the breakdown of glucose is converted into lactate. High lactate levels can lead to acidity in the muscle cells as some of the lactate hydrolyzes to lactic acid. The dissociation of lactic acid to lactate is shown in the reaction. Lactic acid has a pK, of 3.86. OH OH OH Ο + H Lactic acid Lactate A solution containing a mixture of lactic acid and lactate was found to have a pH of 3.13. Calculate the ratio of the lactate concentration to the lactic acid concentration in this solution. [lactate] [lactic acid]

Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is metabolized to lactic acid according to the equation C6H12O6(aq)2C3H6O3(aq) G=198 kJ at pH 7.0 and 25°C Glycolysis is the source of energy in human red blood cells. In these cells, the concentration of glucose is 5.0103 M, while that of lactic acid is 2.9103 M. Calculate AG for glycolysis in human blood cells under these conditions. Use the equation G=G+RT In Q, where Q is the concentration quotient, analogous to K.

Plants synthesize carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O by the process of photosynthesis. For example, 6CO2(g)+6H2O(l)C6H12O6(aq)+6O2(g) G=2.87103 kJ at pH 7.0 and 25°C. What is K for the reaction at 25°C?

Digitalis is a preparation made from the dried seeds and leaves of the purple foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, a plant native to southern and central Europe and cultivated in the United States. The preparation is a mixture of several active components, including digitalin. Digitalis is used in medicine to increase the force of myocardial contraction and as a conduction depressant to decrease heart rate (the heart pumps more forcefully but less often).

One step in glucose metabolism involves the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by way of an intermediate enediol. Each process involves both a protonation and a depronototation. Dar curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in each step, using HA as an acid for protonotation and B: as a base for deprotonation.

The main organic product for the reaction under heating is:

Calculatethemassofammoniagasthatisproducedif1.25gofammoniumcarbonatedecomposes completely.

0 1 eq. NaOH O excess H₂O H2SO4 catalytic

4). Which of the following is the best method for preparing aspirin? II III L COOH LOCCH3 COOH Oi OCCI HO-d-CH₂- + HCOOH + CH3Cl — COOH OCCH3 IV. V. ? COOH OH COOH OH + CHC−NH, _H $8-0-80 + CH3C-0-CCH3 HO

Bicarbonate (shown below) functions as a conjugate base within the plasma's bicarbonate buffer system. Bicarbonate also was important for the: OI (10 OH O process of lipogenesis (triacylglycerol synthesis) rate-limiting step in fatty acid metabolism O process of lipolysis (triacylglycerol metabolism) committed step in fatty acid synthesis J Bicarbonate (shown below) functions as a conjugate base within the plasma's bicarbonate buffer system. Bicarbonate also was important for the: C10 OH O process of lipogenesis (triacylglycerol synthesis) Ⓒrate-limiting step in fatty acid metabolism O process of lipolysis (triacylglycerol metabolism) committed step in fatty acid synthesis