Which statement is NOT true of a sigma bond A sigma bond is the result of side-to-side orbital overlap A sigma bond contains electron density along the internuclear axis A sigma bond can result when two s orbitals overlap All types of bonds contain a sigma bond

Compare and contrast the molecular orbital and ionic bonding descriptions of LiF.

7.59 What type of hybrid orbital is generated by combining the valence s orbital and all three valence p orbitals of an atom? How many hybrid orbitals result?

Considering only s and p atomic orbitals, list all the possible types of hybrid orbitals that can be used in the formation of (a) single bonds, (b) double bonds, and (c) triple bonds.

For each of the following molecules, complete the Lewis structure and use the VSEPR model to determine the bond angles around each central atom. Note that the drawings are only skeleton structures and may depict the angles incorrectly.

Aspartame is a compound that is 200 times sweeter than sugar and is used extensively (under the trade name NutraSweet) in diet soft drinks. The skeleton structure of the atoms in aspartame is (a) Complete the Lewis structure and give the number of and bonds in aspartame. (b) What is the hybridization about each carbon atom that forms a double bond with an oxygen atom? (c) What is the hybridization about each nitrogen atom?

Methylcyanoacrylate is the active ingredient in super glues. Its Lewis structure is (a) How many sigma bonds are in the molecule? (b) How many pi bonds are in the molecule? (c) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to nitrogen? (d) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to oxygen? (e) What is the hybridization of the double-bonded oxygen?

Complete the table below, which lists information about some diatomic molecules or molecular ions. In particular: • Decide whether each molecule is stable or not. Decide whether each molecule would be diamagnetic or paramagnetic. Calculate each molecule's bond order. diamagnetic or paramagnetic? molecule stable? bond order O yes O diamagnetic O no O paramagnetic O yes O diamagnetic O no O paramagnetic O yes O diamagnetic 0, O no O paramagnetic O oooo

Complete the table below, which lists information about some diatomic molecules or molecular ions. In particular: • Decide whether each molecule is stable or not. • Decide whether each molecule would be diamagnetic or paramagnetic. • Calculate each molecule's bond order. diamagnetic or paramagnetic? molecule stable? bond order O yes diamagnetic O paramagnetic no О yes diamagnetic Be, O paramagnetic no О yes diamagnetic H, O no O paramagnetic olo

Complete the table below, which lists information about some diatomic molecules or molecular ions. In particular: • Decide whether each molecule is stable or not. • Decide whether each molecule would be diamagnetic or paramagnetic. • Calculate each molecule's bond order. diamagnetic or paramagnetic? molecule stable? bond order 믐 O yes diamagnetic H, ? no paramagnetic yes diamagnetic He, no paramagnetic yes O diamagnetic no paramagnetic