Write a balanced equation for the hydrolytic deamination of a DNA-5- methylcytosine residue.
Q: Calculate the melting temperature of this primer and estimate the annealing temperature of this…
A: Introduction PCR (polymerase Chain Reaction) is a molecular technique by which multiple copies of…
Q: Identify each of the following as a nucleoside or a nucleotide: a. deoxythymidine b. guanosine c.…
A: Nucleotides are made up of nucleosides and phosphate. Nucleotides are monomers of deoxyribonucleic…
Q: Explain how an agarose gel can separate DNA fragments of different lengths.
A: Agarose gel electrophoresis is one of the important molecular techniques used for the separation of…
Q: Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) converts cytosine to the compound shown below. With which base does this…
A: Transition mutation refers to a point mutation that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine or…
Q: Supercoiled DNA is slightly unwound compared to relaxed DNA and this enables it to assume a more…
A: DNA is supercoiled structure which is present inside the nucleus The coiling of Dna is done by the…
Q: What is the difference between a deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) and a dideoxynucleotide…
A: dNTPs are also called deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate. Each dNTPs are made up of a phosphate group,…
Q: Name and discuss using a representative example, the non-covalent interactions that maintains…
A: Introduction: The double-helical structure of DNA is made of two antiparallel strands running in the…
Q: Ethanol promotes bonding between Na+ ions from the salt and charged phosphate group of the DNA due…
A: DNA extraction is a molecular process that involves extraction of DNA from biological samples. It…
Q: For a linear B-DNA molecule of 50,000 kb, calculate (a) the contour length and (b) the length of the…
A: The complexity of an organism is based on the functioning of its genome. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)…
Q: What is the concentration of 50µL DNA with 1:10 dilution of water, at an absorbance reading of…
A: Spectroscopy is an important analytical tool that helps to identify and quantify substances based on…
Q: 5-Bromouridine is known to induce mutations in DNA. One of the characteristics of this compound is…
A: 5-Bromouridine is a uridine subordinate with a Bromo substituent at the fifth carbon. Br -Urd is…
Q: What two basepair changes can occur when G tautomerizes to the enol form? Recall that the…
A: Introduction: Spontaneous mutations result from numerous sources such as errors during DNA…
Q: Examination of the structure of DNA polymerases bound to nucleotide analogs reveals that conserved…
A: DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyse the synthesis of DNA molecules from…
Q: List three important structural motifs in DNA-binding proteins
A: Transcription is the process in which the production of mRNA from one of the strands of DNA, with…
Q: Calculate the length of the DNA of bacteriophage lambda that has 48502 base pairs.
A: Introduction: DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and is a form of nucleic acid. Except for a few…
Q: Write a balanced equation for the hydrolytic deamination of a DNA- 5-methylcytosine residue.
A: Deamination is the process of breaking down amino acids in which amino group is converted into…
Q: Pectin, which occurs in plant cell walls, existsin nature as a polymer of d-galacturonic acid…
A: Pectin is a structural acidic heteropolysaccharide found in primary and middle lamella and cell…
Q: The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase generates a product that has been proposed to play a role in…
A: Ornithine decarboxylase is an important enzyme for cell proliferation under normal growth and tumor…
Q: Describe the d=features of the following DNA-binding domains and how they interact with DNA.…
A: DNA-binding domain abbreviated as DBD is a protein domain that is folded independently and contains…
Q: IT IS POSSIBLE TO ESTIMATE THE CONCENTRATION OF SPECIFIC DNA SEQUENCE IN A SOLUTION OF MIXED DNA.…
A: DNA can be quantified through nanodrop with a particular absorbance.
Q: A solution containing single stranded DNA with the sequence 5’ATGGTGCACCTGACTCCTGAGGAGAAGTCTNNNNN’3…
A: In biology, DNA replication is that the process of forming 2 identical replicas of deoxyribonucleic…
Q: The oligonucleotide d-ATGCCTGACT was subjected to sequencing by Sanger’s dideoxy method, and the…
A: Electrophoresis is a technique that separates the molecules basing on the differences in the charges…
Q: The enzyme thiouridylase converts certain tRNA uridine residues to 2-thiouridine. Draw the structure…
A: Enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of any chemical reaction without being used…
Q: Draw the syn conformation of purine residues in Z-DNA.
A:
Q: The structure forms basenpair with what specific nucleobase?
A:
Q: List three mechanisms that relax the twisting stress in helical DNA molecules.
A: The Structure of deoxyribonucleic acidREFLECT AND APPLY List 3 mechanisms that relax the twisting…
Q: What factors account for the high phosphoryl-transfer potential of nucleoside triphosphates?
A: A nucleotide triphosphate is an organic molecule which contains a nitrogen base attached to pentose…
Q: Biochemist Erwin Chargaff was the first to note that, in DNA, [A] = [T] and [G]= [C], equalities now…
A: Erwin Chargaff proposed two rules which are termed as Chargaff's rule. These rules played an…
Q: Given the structures of the nitrogenous bases shown in the picture, draw the structure of a part of…
A: The nitrogenous bases shown in the figure are Adenine (A), Guanine (G), cytosine (C), uracil (U) and…
Q: Write a balanced equation for the hydrolytic deamination of a DNA5-methylcytosine residue.
A: 5-Methylcytosine is a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine (C) that regulates gene transcription…
Q: Name and write the structures of the purine and pyrimidine bases present in DNA.
A: DNA is a polynucleotide strand. DNA is transcribed into RNA and RNA is translated into proteins.…
Q: Insulin is synthesized as preproinsulin, which has 81 amino acids. How many heterocyclic bases must…
A: Insulin is synthesized from preproinsulin. The preprotein is then cleaved by a proteolytic enzyme to…
Q: pppApCpCpUpApGpApU-OH(a) Using the straight-chain sugar convention, write the structure of the DNA…
A: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), as well as RNA (ribonucleic acid) both, are the genetic material in the…
Q: In pyrimidine nucleosides, the anti conformation predominates. Explain. Do the purine nucleosides…
A: Introduction and Explanation: Pyrimidines and purines are the nitrogenous bases that are present in…
Q: Draw the potential tautomers of guanine.
A: DNA- DNA acts as the genetic material in most of the organisms . DNA stands for the…
Q: The backbone of the DNA molecule is made up of two alternating componebts, what are these? Explain.
A: DNA is considered to be the genetic material within the nucleus that gets packed in thread-like…
Q: Refer to Problems 26.62 and 26.63. What dipeptide is synthesized from the informational DNA sequence…
A: Deoxyribose nucleic acid is a complex molecule. It carries the genetic information which is passed…
Q: Match the mutational source type to the most likely description below. Terms may be used more than…
A: This scenario based on mutation cases. I gave you all the answers in step 2
Q: Amino acids have an average molar mass of 100 g/mol.How many bases on a single strand of DNA are…
A: Given: molar mass = 5.0×105 g/mol = 500000 g/mol average molecular weight of an amino acid = 100…
Q: Compare the melting temperature of a 1-kb segment of DNA containing20% A residues to that of a 1-kb…
A: The temperature at which 50% of double-stranded DNA is changed into single-stranded DNA is called…
Q: Since mammalian DNA contains roughly 25% thymine residues, why do mammalian cells need a thymine-DNA…
A: Introduction: DNA is the type of nucleic acid that is present in the nucleus of the cell. It is the…
Q: In studies using repeating copolymers, AC . . . incorporates threonine and histidine, and CAACAA . .…
A: A protein's amino acid sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA. It is…
Q: Compare the DNA binding modes of minor groove binding, intercalating, and crosslinking agents and…
A: The new drugs used in most cancer diseases and other diseases are DNA intercalating and minor groove…
Q: Draw the structures of two tautomeric forms of guanine, one a lactam, the other a lactim. Explain…
A: Guanine is one of the four principle nucleobases found in nucleic acids namely DNA and RNA. The…
Q: Base analysis of DNA from maize (corn) shows it to have 23 mole percent cytosine (moles per 100…
A: Gene is the basis of all living system as it consists of the hereditary information of the organism…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
- Write a balanced equation for the hydrolytic deamination of a DNA- 5-methylcytosine residue.Enediynes are natural products with potent antitumor properties because they are able to cleave DNA (page 288). Their cytotoxic properties are due tothe enediyne undergoing a cyclization to form a highly reactive diradical intermediate. The intermediate abstracts hydrogen atoms from the backbone of DNA, which triggers its damage. Draw the structure of the diradical intermediate.In E. coli, all newly synthesized DNA appears to be fragmented (an observation that could be interpreted to mean that the leading strand as well as the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously). However, in E. coli mutants that are defective in uracil–DNA glycosylase, only about half the newly synthesized DNA is fragmented. Explain.
- Insulin is synthesized as preproinsulin, which has 81 amino acids. How many heterocyclic bases must be present in the informational DNA strand to code for preproinsulin (assuming no introns are present)?if this DNA has a molecular weight of 1.20 ×108 Dalton which contains a head in a about 200 nm long. Calculate the length of the DNA assuming the molecular weight of a nucleotide pair is 600 Dalton and assume that the DNA is a B-form and that there are 10 base pair per turn which makes is 34 Å per turn. ( 1nm = 10Å)Compare the melting temperature of a 1-kb segment of DNA containing20% A residues to that of a 1-kb segment containing 30% A residues under the same conditions.
- In human DNA, 70% of cytosine residues that are followed by guanine (so-called CpG dinucleotides, where p indicates the phosphate in the phosphodiester bond between these two nucleotides) are methylated to form 5-methylcytosine. As shown in the following figure, if 5-methylcytosine should undergo spontaneous deamination, it becomes thymine. NH, Deamination NH 5-methylcytosine Thymine Methylated CpG dinucleotides are hotspots for point mutations in human DNA. Can you propose a hypothesis that explains why?List three mechanisms that relax the twisting stress in helical DNA molecules.Ethanol promotes bonding between Na+ ions from the salt and charged phosphate group of the DNA due to a higher dielectric constant than water. True or False?
- The two sides of the DNA double helix are connected by pairs of bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine). Because of the geometric shape of these molecules, adenine bonds with thymine and cytosine bonds with guanine. The figure below shows the bonding of thymine and adenine. Each charge shown is +e or - e, and the H-N distance is 0.110 nm. (a) Calculate the net force that thymine exerts on adenine. Is it attractive or repulsive? To keep the calculations fairly simple, yet reasonable, consider only the forces due to the O- H-N and the N-H-N combinations, assuming that these two combinations are parallel to each other. Remember, however, that in the O-H-N set, the O- exerts a force on both the H+ and the N-, and likewise along the N–H-N set. (b) Calculate the force on the electron in the hydrogen atom, which is 0.0529 nm from the proton. Then compare the strength of the bonding force of the electron in hydrogen with the bonding force of the adenine-thymine molecules (H (H (H)…Base analysis of DNA from maize (corn) shows it to have 23 mole percent cytosine (moles per 100 moles total nucleotide). What are the percentages of the other three bases?A solution containing single stranded DNA with the sequence 5’ATGGTGCACCTGACTCCTGAGGAGAAGTCTNNNNN’3 undergoes DNA replication in vitro in the presence of all four nucleotides plus an amount of dideoxyadenosine triphosphate sufficient to compete for incorporation with deoxyadenosine triphosphate. How many and what DNA fragments are expected?