Explain the mechanism of trinucleotide repeat expansion.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Michael Cummings
Chapter9: Gene Expression And Gene Regulation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 3QP: If the genetic code used 4 bases at a time, how many amino acids could be encoded?
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Explain the mechanism of trinucleotide repeat expansion.

Expert Solution
Step 1

Introduction: A trinucleotide repeat expansion is type of DNA mutation.

In which, the trinucleotide repeat disorders are a collection of inherited situations produced by increased numbers of specific trinucleotide called repetitive sequences, repeats in the genome. 

 

Example of trinucleotide repeat expansion-Huntington's disease (HD) myotonic dystrophy, Fragile X syndrome.

 

Step 2

During the process of DNA replication, slippage occurs in triplet expansion and can also occur during DNA repair.

Due to slippage, 'loop out' structures form in DNA replication while preserving complementary base pairing between the parent strand and daughter strand being synthesized.

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