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With globalization, the number of people who work and live in more than one culture is increasing. Many people hold more than one cultural identity and report bicultural identifi- cation (e.g., Chinese and American). Bicultural individuals organize their cultural identities in different ways. Some rep- resent their cultural identities as integrated or interconnected, whereas others represent the two as divided or separated (Benet-Martinez, Leu, Lee, & Morris, 2002). The degree to which individuals integrate two cultural identities has impli- cations for cognition and behavior. For example, among immigrant biculturals, integrated heritage and host culture identities foster self-perceived similarity to members of those cultures in personality (Miramontez, Benet-Martinez, & Nguyen, 2008). More integrated bicultural identities are asso- ciated with more culturally diverse friendship networks (Mok, Morris, Benet-Martinez, & Karakitapoglu-Aygun, 2007). Less integrated cultural identities are associated with cogni- tively complex thinking about culture (Benet-Martinez, Lee, & Leu, 2006) and with resistance to groupthink, specifically less tendency to conform to erroneous consensual judgments of cultural in-groups (Mok & Morris, 2010b). Bicultural identity integration also moderates responses to situations that cue one of their cultural identities. Integrated cultural

With globalization, the number of people who work and live in more than one culture is increasing. Many people hold more than one cultural identity and report bicultural identifi- cation (e.g., Chinese and American). Bicultural individuals organize their cultural identities in different ways. Some rep- resent their cultural identities as integrated or interconnected, whereas others represent the two as divided or separated (Benet-Martinez, Leu, Lee, & Morris, 2002). The degree to which individuals integrate two cultural identities has impli- cations for cognition and behavior. For example, among immigrant biculturals, integrated heritage and host culture identities foster self-perceived similarity to members of those cultures in personality (Miramontez, Benet-Martinez, & Nguyen, 2008). More integrated bicultural identities are asso- ciated with more culturally diverse friendship networks (Mok, Morris, Benet-Martinez, & Karakitapoglu-Aygun, 2007). Less integrated cultural identities are associated with cogni- tively complex thinking about culture (Benet-Martinez, Lee, & Leu, 2006) and with resistance to groupthink, specifically less tendency to conform to erroneous consensual judgments of cultural in-groups (Mok & Morris, 2010b). Bicultural identity integration also moderates responses to situations that cue one of their cultural identities. Integrated cultural

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
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With globalization, the number of people who work and live in more than one culture is increasing. Many people hold more than one cultural identity and report bicultural identifi- cation (e.g., Chinese and American). Bicultural individuals organize their cultural identities in different ways. Some rep- resent their cultural identities as integrated or interconnected, whereas others represent the two as divided or separated (Benet-Martinez, Leu, Lee, & Morris, 2002). The degree to which individuals integrate two cultural identities has impli- cations for cognition and behavior. For example, among immigrant biculturals, integrated heritage and host culture identities foster self-perceived similarity to members of those cultures in personality (Miramontez, Benet-Martinez, & Nguyen, 2008). More integrated bicultural identities are asso- ciated with more culturally diverse friendship networks (Mok, Morris, Benet-Martinez, & Karakitapoglu-Aygun, 2007). Less integrated cultural identities are associated with cogni- tively complex thinking about culture (Benet-Martinez, Lee, & Leu, 2006) and with resistance to groupthink, specifically less tendency to conform to erroneous consensual judgments of cultural in-groups (Mok & Morris, 2010b). Bicultural identity integration also moderates responses to situations that cue one of their cultural identities. Integrated cultural
Transcribed Image Text:With globalization, the number of people who work and live in more than one culture is increasing. Many people hold more than one cultural identity and report bicultural identifi- cation (e.g., Chinese and American). Bicultural individuals organize their cultural identities in different ways. Some rep- resent their cultural identities as integrated or interconnected, whereas others represent the two as divided or separated (Benet-Martinez, Leu, Lee, & Morris, 2002). The degree to which individuals integrate two cultural identities has impli- cations for cognition and behavior. For example, among immigrant biculturals, integrated heritage and host culture identities foster self-perceived similarity to members of those cultures in personality (Miramontez, Benet-Martinez, & Nguyen, 2008). More integrated bicultural identities are asso- ciated with more culturally diverse friendship networks (Mok, Morris, Benet-Martinez, & Karakitapoglu-Aygun, 2007). Less integrated cultural identities are associated with cogni- tively complex thinking about culture (Benet-Martinez, Lee, & Leu, 2006) and with resistance to groupthink, specifically less tendency to conform to erroneous consensual judgments of cultural in-groups (Mok & Morris, 2010b). Bicultural identity integration also moderates responses to situations that cue one of their cultural identities. Integrated cultural
of the chronic self-concept can be temporarily altered by the situation (Markus & Wurf, 1987), we aim to show that iden- tity integration can be a psychological state, besides a trait. Only one study has explored this (Cheng & Lee, 2009). Little is known about how bicultural identity integration can be situationally induced or changed. To address this underdeveloped area of research, we pres- ent four empirical studies on the situational malleability of bicultural identity integration (BII). Our research examines this systematically by drawing on research that cognitive pro- cessing styles global or local influences conceptual repre- sentations at a broad versus narrow level. For example, a global processing style promotes inclusive categorization of stimulus information, whereas a local processing style pro- motes more exclusive categorization (Forster & Dannenberg, 2010; Isen & Daubman, 1984; Schwarz & Bless, 2007). We propose that if a global processing style is induced, bicultur- als will perceive greater association or integration between their cultural identities (higher BII). Conversely, if a local processing style is induced, biculturals will perceive less association or less integration between their cultural identi- ties (lower BII). Examining the malleability of BII is useful for a number of reasons. For example, it implies that indi- viduals with chronically low BII are capable of meshing with cultural audiences to the extent that BII can be situationally increased. Likewise, individuals with chronically high BII could contrast away from (counterproductive) norms in cul- tural in-groups to the extent that BII can be situationally decreased. In this article, we aimed to provide stronger evidence that BII is capable of short-term situational changes. We propose that situations activating a global (local) processing style would enhance (decrease) perceptions of integration between two cultural identities. We induced processing styles using subtle contextual manipulations that temporarily widen or narrow the scope of conceptual processing. We also explored whether situational changes in BII have consequences for responses to cultural cues.
Transcribed Image Text:of the chronic self-concept can be temporarily altered by the situation (Markus & Wurf, 1987), we aim to show that iden- tity integration can be a psychological state, besides a trait. Only one study has explored this (Cheng & Lee, 2009). Little is known about how bicultural identity integration can be situationally induced or changed. To address this underdeveloped area of research, we pres- ent four empirical studies on the situational malleability of bicultural identity integration (BII). Our research examines this systematically by drawing on research that cognitive pro- cessing styles global or local influences conceptual repre- sentations at a broad versus narrow level. For example, a global processing style promotes inclusive categorization of stimulus information, whereas a local processing style pro- motes more exclusive categorization (Forster & Dannenberg, 2010; Isen & Daubman, 1984; Schwarz & Bless, 2007). We propose that if a global processing style is induced, bicultur- als will perceive greater association or integration between their cultural identities (higher BII). Conversely, if a local processing style is induced, biculturals will perceive less association or less integration between their cultural identi- ties (lower BII). Examining the malleability of BII is useful for a number of reasons. For example, it implies that indi- viduals with chronically low BII are capable of meshing with cultural audiences to the extent that BII can be situationally increased. Likewise, individuals with chronically high BII could contrast away from (counterproductive) norms in cul- tural in-groups to the extent that BII can be situationally decreased. In this article, we aimed to provide stronger evidence that BII is capable of short-term situational changes. We propose that situations activating a global (local) processing style would enhance (decrease) perceptions of integration between two cultural identities. We induced processing styles using subtle contextual manipulations that temporarily widen or narrow the scope of conceptual processing. We also explored whether situational changes in BII have consequences for responses to cultural cues.
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