Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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What process is taking place in the illustration?
Supply the appropriate labels for all numbered parts of the illustration.
Transcribed Image Text:### Image Transcription and Explanation
The diagram illustrates the process of translation, where mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide or protein. Below is a detailed explanation of the components labeled in the diagram:
1. **mRNA Strand (1):**
- The mRNA strand is depicted as a horizontal sequence containing various codons, represented by groups of three nucleotides (e.g., UGU, AUG, etc.).
- This strand serves as the template for protein synthesis.
2. **Ribosome (2):**
- The ribosome, shown as a large gray structure enveloping the mRNA, facilitates the translation process by hosting the mechanism where peptide bonds form between amino acids.
- It is composed of a large and a small subunit.
3. **tRNA Molecule (3):**
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are depicted with a cloverleaf-like structure, carrying specific amino acids (represented by small circles at the top end).
- Each tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA.
4. **Polypeptide Chain (4):**
- The emerging polypeptide chain, a sequence of amino acids linked together, is shown on the left, being synthesized at the ribosome.
- Amino acids are represented as small circles linked together.
5. **Anticodon-Codon Pairing (5):**
- This part of the diagram highlights the interaction between the codons on the mRNA and the anticodons on the tRNA.
- The mRNA codons (e.g., AUG) precisely pair with complementary tRNA anticodons, ensuring the correct sequence of amino acids is added to the growing polypeptide chain.
This visual representation is crucial for understanding the molecular basis of gene expression and how genetic information is translated into functional proteins.
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