With aid of suitable circuit diagrams, explain how a mains EMI filter (e.g., common- mode 'Choke') can be used to attenuate both common-mode and differential-mode noises.
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- hese blockS. c) Explain the difference between the modulator and demodulator blocks and explain the terms up-conversion and down-conversion.A 555 timer configured to run as an astable mode oscillator is shown in Figure 1. If the output is needed to have 30% duty cycle, i) Determine the required value of Rị if R2 = 7kN. ii) Determine the frequency of the output. iii) Draw the charging and discharging phase of capacitor Cext and its relation with the output waveform. ASsume Vcc = 12 V. +Vcc (4) |(8) R1 RESET Vcc (7) DISCH 555 D1 R2 (6) THRESH (3) OUT (2) TRIG (5) CONT GND :Cext 0.01 µF (1) 0.01µF Figure 1Design of a Series Voltage Regulator Steps: 1. Selection of Filter Capacitor 2. Selection of Pass Transistor Q1. 3. Selection of reference element (Zener diode). 4. Selection of transistor Q2. 5. Selection of current limiting resistor Rp. 6. Selection of sampling elements R, and R2. 7. Selection of current limiting resistor R3. Design a series-regulated power supply with a nominal output voltage choosing from 12V and supply load current of 2A. The unregulated power supply has the following specifications: Unregulated Power Supply Design Input Voltage: 220V 60HZ Unregulated Output Voltage: 48V Output Current: 2A Maximum Ripple Factor: 2% D1. D3 FUSE V1 T1 220Vrms 60HZ 0° D2 D4 C1 Figure 1. Unregulated Power Supply
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