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Why is the HbS allele (A₂) eventually lost in the first set of simulations, but not in the second set of simulations? Briefly explain by including genotype fitness differences in your response.

Why is the HbS allele (A₂) eventually lost in the first set of simulations, but not in the second set of simulations? Briefly explain by including genotype fitness differences in your response.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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# Study of Allele Frequency Changes Over Generations ## Introduction This section provides an overview of changes in allele frequency over time. The data is simulated to observe genetic drift and fluctuations in allele frequencies for different populations. ## Simulation Parameters - **Population Type:** Finite (5 populations) - **Generations:** 200 - **Initial Conditions:** - Population Size (N) = 200 - Initial frequency of allele A\(_1\) (freq A\(_1\)) = 0.5 - **Fitness Values:** - A\(_1\)A\(_1\): 1.0 - A\(_1\)A\(_2\): 1.0 - A\(_2\)A\(_2\): 1.0 - **Migration, Mutation, Inbreeding:** None applied ## Graphs and Analysis ### 1. Change in A\(_1\) Allele Frequency Over Time This graph presents the frequency of allele A\(_1\) across 200 generations for five finite populations and one infinite population. Each line represents a population: - **Infinite Population**: Blue - **Pop_1**: Orange - **Pop_2**: Green - **Pop_3**: Red - **Pop_4**: Purple - **Pop_5**: Brown The graph shows slight fluctuations but maintains an overall stability around 0.5 frequency, indicating moderate genetic drift and no fixation or loss of allele A\(_1\). ### 2. Change in A\(_2\) Allele Frequency Similarly, this graph tracks the frequency of allele A\(_2\) over 200 generations. The frequency trends mirror those observed for A\(_1\) due to the initial setup of equal starting frequencies: - Populations present similar slight variances around 0.5 frequency - No significant deviation or trend towards fixation or extinction is observed ## Observations - **Fixation and Loss:** No fixation of allele A\(_1\) and no loss across all populations. - **Average Generations until Fixation/Loss:** Not applicable as no populations experienced these events. ## Conclusion This study illustrates genetic stability across generations under specific ideal conditions. In natural settings, such stability is uncertain due to environmental and selective pressures not present in this simulation. This
Transcribed Image Text:# Study of Allele Frequency Changes Over Generations ## Introduction This section provides an overview of changes in allele frequency over time. The data is simulated to observe genetic drift and fluctuations in allele frequencies for different populations. ## Simulation Parameters - **Population Type:** Finite (5 populations) - **Generations:** 200 - **Initial Conditions:** - Population Size (N) = 200 - Initial frequency of allele A\(_1\) (freq A\(_1\)) = 0.5 - **Fitness Values:** - A\(_1\)A\(_1\): 1.0 - A\(_1\)A\(_2\): 1.0 - A\(_2\)A\(_2\): 1.0 - **Migration, Mutation, Inbreeding:** None applied ## Graphs and Analysis ### 1. Change in A\(_1\) Allele Frequency Over Time This graph presents the frequency of allele A\(_1\) across 200 generations for five finite populations and one infinite population. Each line represents a population: - **Infinite Population**: Blue - **Pop_1**: Orange - **Pop_2**: Green - **Pop_3**: Red - **Pop_4**: Purple - **Pop_5**: Brown The graph shows slight fluctuations but maintains an overall stability around 0.5 frequency, indicating moderate genetic drift and no fixation or loss of allele A\(_1\). ### 2. Change in A\(_2\) Allele Frequency Similarly, this graph tracks the frequency of allele A\(_2\) over 200 generations. The frequency trends mirror those observed for A\(_1\) due to the initial setup of equal starting frequencies: - Populations present similar slight variances around 0.5 frequency - No significant deviation or trend towards fixation or extinction is observed ## Observations - **Fixation and Loss:** No fixation of allele A\(_1\) and no loss across all populations. - **Average Generations until Fixation/Loss:** Not applicable as no populations experienced these events. ## Conclusion This study illustrates genetic stability across generations under specific ideal conditions. In natural settings, such stability is uncertain due to environmental and selective pressures not present in this simulation. This
- Set A₁A₁ (HbAA) - Set A₁A₂ (HbAS) - Set A₂A₂ (HbSS) **Question:** Why is the HbS allele (A₂) eventually lost in the first set of simulations, but not in the second set of simulations? Briefly explain by including genotype fitness differences in your response.
Transcribed Image Text:- Set A₁A₁ (HbAA) - Set A₁A₂ (HbAS) - Set A₂A₂ (HbSS) **Question:** Why is the HbS allele (A₂) eventually lost in the first set of simulations, but not in the second set of simulations? Briefly explain by including genotype fitness differences in your response.
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