An early study found that postal workers who worked in the office had higher rates of coronary heart disease than those who delivered mail on foot. The investigators concluded that physical activity is inversely related to risk of developing coronary heart disease. Sceptics disagreed, pointing out that the postal clerks were older than the postal carriers, and that age is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. This argument highlights the possible role of: -Chance? -Selection bias? -Recall bias? -Confounding?

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Health Epidemiology

Health is an essential factor for all human beings. For all humans, health is a critical factor. An individual's ability to meet life's challenges and retain his or her capacity for optimal functioning is reflected in his or her condition of health. This needs the physical, mental, and biological parts of one's constitution to maintain a degree of functioning that has a favorable influence and support for one another.