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Why is stimulating cells with LPS done for Splenocyte Preparation?
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- The section shown above is from mouse pancreas, which has been stained using an immunocytochemistry protocol against glucagon. Which of the following are the cells stained red?Kelly has breast cancer. Her doctors determined her breast cancer wasaggressive, which meant that she needed to undergo chemotherapy. Her doctors recommended a combination of docetaxel (Taxotere®), carboplatin, and trastuzumab (Herceptin®). The following is her blog entry after her second chemo treatment: As far as chemo symptoms go, the biggest has been fatigue. I was just tired, grumpy, and not my usual, peppy self most of the week. Other very minor things—tiny bit of stomach upset at the beginning of the week, but just enough to make me not feel like eating a big steak, not enough to keep me from eating soup or sandwiches. My scalp felt a little irritated—for the girls out there, itwas the feeling of having my hair in a tight ponytail all day and then letting it down, and the follicles just feel prickly—this is normal for several daysbefore the hair falls out. Also, I have a weird dry mouth feeling, so some things taste a little different. But seriously, these are really minor…Outline an experimental approach to measure Amyloid Beta that microglia produces in vitro. What are some of the problems you might encounter?
- An injection contains 5 million international units (MIU) of interferon alpha-n3 (ALFERON N) proteins per milliliter. The recommended dose is 0.05 mL. The literature states that the activity of interferon alpha-n3 is approximately equal to 2.6 × 108international units/mg of protein. Calculate (a) the number of international units and (b) the micrograms of interferon alfa-n3 proteins administered per dose.True/False: Neutrophils regulate the production of active cathelicidins (a class of antimicrobial peptides) by segregating the inactive propeptide from the processing enzyme that cleaves and activates it in two different types of cytoplasmic granules. These two types of granules are induced to fuse with phagosomes after ingestion of microbes, bringing the processing enzyme and the propeptide together.G-protein-coupled receptors on phagocytes link microbe recognition with increased efficiency of intracellular killing. The NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium) test is used to diagnose the genetic disorder Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). To perform this test, peripheral blood cells from the patient are stimulated with bacterial extracts, and then incubated with the NBT compound. Normal neutrophils turn blue in this test due to cleavage of the compound, while patient neutrophils remain uncolored, as shown in Figure below. Name a neutrophil receptor that is likely to be stimulated by the bacterial extract in this assay, and describe how this receptor regulates the activity of the enzyme that cleaves NBT.
- a) Calculate the weight (in gram/ml) of tumour cells in each vial. Show your workings. b) Calculate the glucose concentration in each vial (in mol/ml). Show your workings. c) Based on Table 1, calculate the glucose concentration / 1 gram tumour cells in conditions A, B and C. Show your workings.Why is storing the spleens on Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline solution containing 3% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotic-antimycotic on ice done in splenocyte preparation?Can you explain how chemotaxis proteins work and the process that takes place with them? Thank You
- Which patch clamp technique should be used if you want to investigate the effect a compound has presynaptically with varying concentration?Is invertase intracellular or extracellular? Or both?A mutant B cell line is examined by confocal microscopy after incubation with a microbial pathogen recognized by the BCR on these B cells. The B cells have been stained with antibodies to visualize the localization of polymerized actin and microtubules. As a control, wild-type B cells are examined. The results are shown in the figure below, with the numbers indicating the proportion of cells examined that show each pattern of staining. To identify the specific signaling defect in these mutant B cells, a reasonable biochemical assay would be to: Determine if BCR stimulation of mutant B cells produces enhanced binding of the B cell to the microbe Determine whether the mutant B cells have reduced levels of the enzyme Protein kinase C-q Determine whether the mutant B cells are overexpressing the enzyme Vav Determine whether BCR stimulation of mutant B cells promotes exchange of GDP for GTP on cdc42 Determine whether BCR stimulation of mutant B cells produces increased levels of DAG