Macrophages and neutrophils both contribute to extracellular pathogen protection. Describe their common characteristics, differences in structure and function, and if one were eliminated from the innate immune response, explain which one would be more detrimental to the body and why.

Q: Adaptive immune responses are slow to develop, taking days to weeks after exposure to reach their…

A: Immunity It is a resistance acquired by a host towards an injury causing microbes or overall ability…

Q: Describe the role of the macrophage in theimmune response.

A: Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that are found in every tissue of the human body. They…

Q: Which pathway for activation of complement involves antibodies? Explain why.

A: The complement system refers to a part of the innate immune system of the body which increases the…

Q: Type I interferons help fight against intracellular infection. Explain how it functions, what type…

A: The diseases that can be spread via air, water, or any other medium from an infected to a healthy…

Q: Emil has fallen and scratched a wound on his knee. After a while, the knee swells and aches at the…

A: The entire activity of the immune system in tackling infection is depicted in the figure given.

Q: Write the main components of type 3 hypersensitivity reaction. Why phagocytic cells cannot…

A: "Hypersensitivity is the immune system's reaction to a foreign chemical that is not normally…

Q: Define interferon, and explain its action.

A: A natural substance helps the body's immune system fight infection and other diseases, such as…

Q: Explain the difference between cell-mediated (cellular) immunity and antibody-mediated (humoral)…

A: Immunity can be defined as the mechanism in which the body resists towards the attack of the…

Q: Complement is an integral part of the innate immune response to bacteria . One of its mechanisms of…

A: The complement system is made up of about 30 serum proteins and glycoproteins. It plays an important…

Q: Compare and contrast the general characteristics of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.

A: Introduction :- Active immunity is the immunity induced in entities by the exposure of antigens. It…

Q: Hypersensitivity reactions, by definition, lead to tissue damage. Can they also be beneficial?…

A: Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including…

Q: Explain why an inherited deficiency in complement components C3 or C4 can result in less efficient…

A: Complement component 3 deficiency is a rare genetic primary immunodeficiency characterised by…

Q: If an individual failed to develop a thymus because of a genetic defect, what would happen to the…

A: Without the development of a thymus, immune responses mediated by antibodies and cytotoxic T cells…

Q: In general, what sorts of pathogens might be able to more successfully attack a patient with an…

A: B lymphocytes are mediators of the humoral (antibody-producing) immunity  Without B-cells, our body…

Q: What components of the immune system are involved in the immune response against tumor/cancer cells?…

A: Introduction: Immunity is referred to as the resistance offered by the host against the pathogen or…

Q: Define the key components that make up the innate immune system (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils,…

A: A key component of the innate immune system- Macrophage- Derived from blood monocyte and are…

Q: How many types of “foreign molecules” (use the proper term where needed) does each cell recognize?…

A: Antigens can be classified according to their source: Antigens from outside the body Exogenous…

Q: Which of the following activities leads to the redness of inflammation? Group of answer choices…

A: Inflammation is the response of the immune system of the body to potentially harmful factors like…

Q: Compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity. Include three similarities in terms of cell…

A: Answer.  Three similarities between innate and adaptive immune system are given in the following…

Q: Describe the role of complement in innate immunity

A: Any abnormal condition that hinders normal body functioning is considered a disease. Pathogen attack…

Q: Describe in general terms the activation of the host complement system and its three outcomes

A: Complement system- complement system refers to a series of more than 20 proteins circulating in…

Q: rue/False: Several pathogens produce proteins, either membrane-bound or secreted, that inactivate…

A: The organisms that cause the disease to any human is known as the pathogen. The organism a…

Q: Contrast the extracellular and intracellular phases of immune responses to viruses, discussing the…

A: Ans: The extracellular and intracellular are the two phases of the immune response against bacteria…

Q: Compare and contrast Complement with Immunoglobulins. Include a discussion comparing the four…

A: Complement is a set of plasma proteins that comprise a complement system or complement cascade,…

Q: Define interferons

A: The immune system is a protective mechanism of the human body to fight against foreign particles…

Q: what are the three possible outcomes of complement activation?

A: There are many barriers in our body to prevent the entry of harmful microbes such as physical…

Q: Identify the  general activities of phagocytes.

A: Answer: Introduction: Endocytosis is a type of active transport that is used to take large molecules…

Q: Explain the process of phagocytosis, including the steps involved, using a series of labelled…

A: Detailed explanation: Let's explore the process "phagocytosis", a crucial process in our immune…

Q: Name the major components of the innate immune response and describe how each of them combats…

A: Innate immunity is present since birth. Innate immunity is non-specific and lacks memory.

Q: Explain the difference between cell-mediated (cellular) immunity and antibody-mediated (humoral)…

A: The ability of an organism to fight against disease causing agents is known as immunity. Immunity is…

Q: True or False: FHL patients show increased susceptibility to infection because secretion of IFN-γ in…

A: In the case of first statement, it is False. In the case of the second statement, it is true.

Q: Acquired or adaptive immunity can be divided in to Natural Active, Natural Passive, Artificial…

A: Introduction: Adaptive immunity, also known as protective immunity, is the third line of defense…

Q: Define acquired immunity.

A: Introduction :- Immunity in biology refers to an organism's capacity to fend off harmful microbes.…

Q: Briefly explain acquired immunity.

A: The innate or non-specific immunity forms the first line of defense against non-self pathogens.  The…

Q: Contrast cell – mediated immunity with antibody – mediated immunity. Make sure to note: which cells…

A: Immunity is defined as the power of an organism to protect itself from a foreign pathogen or an…

Q: Describe neutrophils and NK cells, giving one example of how each cell type destroys pathogens that…

A: Innate immunity is the type of immunity that activates immediately when antigens enter the body.…

Q: Describe the initiation and activation of classical complement pathway.

A: Compliments are a group of thermo labile  enzymetic proteins found in the serum and body fluid and…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.