Which of the following are involved in proper signaling at excitatory synapses: ○ An active process that depends on neurotransmitter reuptake O An active process that depends on the Ca2+ gradient ○ A passive process that depends on the Cl- gradient ○ Two of the answer choices O All the choices are correct

Q: Which refers to the time during which a neuron can undergo an action potential? O the resting…

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Q: Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Because too much glutamate can…

A: Introduction : Glutamate is a substance used by nerve cells to communicate with other cells. It is…

Q: You are recording the electrical activity of a cell body with a resting membrane potential of -70…

A: Given; Resting membrane potential of the cell= -70mV No. of stimuli detected by the cell= 3 from…

Q: The opening of axonal voltage-gated K+ channels is responsible for which part of the action…

A: Theses channels locate in cell membranes and control transportation of K +ions efflux from and…

Q: Which of the following statements best describes the properties of a myelinated axons?     The…

A: Axons are surrounded by a multilayered protein and lipid covering, called the myelin sheath. Such…

Q: The regulation of neurotransmitters DOES NOT include reuptake of the neurotransmission from the…

A: Introduction Neurotransmitters are the chemical substance which is released at the end of a nerve…

Q: During the cycling of neurotransmitters in the axon termini, the fusion of the neurotransmitter…

A: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across a chemical synapse, from one…

Q: Which of the following statements is true? Chemical messengers within cells are always…

A: The central nervous system (CNS) is a complex network of nerve cells that process and coordinate the…

Q: toxin creates pores that are permeable to Ca2+. Describe its immediate effect on the resting…

A: Action potential the action potential is defined as the rapid rise and fall in the membrane…

Q: The toxin of the velvet sea snake prevents the sodium channels from inactivating. Which of the…

A: When Voltage gated Na+ channels open it leads to depolarization of the neuron i.e resting membrane…

Q: Potassium flows the cell through leak channels, its gradient. into, down out of , up into , up out…

A: Generation of nerve impulse in nerve  fibre depends on distribution of sodium and potassium in and…

Q: Why does neuronal function require the voltage-gated K+ channels to open more slowly than the…

A: Voltage-gated channels are specialized proteins that are essential for the generation and…

Q: A typical intracellularly recorded nerve action potential approximates 80 mV. Why were the recorded…

A: Action potentials captured outside of the cell differ significantly from those captured inside. It…

Q: Absolute refractory periods in axons: Result from conformational changes in voltage gated K channels…

A: The refractory period can be defined as the alternate rest period of muscles and neurons between two…

Q: When a neurotransmitter binds with receptors at the membrane, it may cause sodium channels to open.…

A: The endogenous chemicals which makes neurons to communicate with each other throughout the body are…

Q: After an action potential has been initiated, there are two processes that prevent the membrane from…

A: The generation of action potential is very much important characteristics in nerve cells that is…

Q: Which is NOT a criterion in order to be classified as a neurotransmitter? O It is synthesized in the…

A: They are the chemical messengers which transmit the signal from neurons to a target cell across a…

Q: Which two ideas about ion channels of a neuron at its resting potential are true? O ion channels are…

A: The movement of ions across the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the resting potential…

Q: In the brain imaging experiment we discussed, where they observe the effects of exercise on…

A: Excercise leads to various changes in the body such as sweating , activation of sympathetic nervous…

Q: Which of the following represents amplification? O G protein activation by GPCR O Arrestin binding…

A: Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a…

Q: An experimental cell line expresses K+ inward rectifier channels, Na+ leak channels, K+ channels…

A: The α-1 adrenergic receptor is a type of receptor that is responsible for mediating the effects of…

Q: Once a pre-synaptic neuron has stopped firing, all of the following will stop the local potential in…

A: Once the neurotransmitters have been released and have bound to postsynaptic receptors,…

Q: Tetrodotoxin from pufferfish is a poison that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels. Therefore it…

A: Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin with high potency. Pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and…

Q: Post-tetanic Potentiation in synapses :-a- is due to increased Ca ++ concentration in postsynaptic…

A: Nerve cells form the functional unit of the nervous system and play an essential role in…

Q: An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with hyperpolarization a change in sodium…

A: A temporary hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane generated by negatively charged ions…

Q: Which one of the following statements about the propagation of the action potential is incorrect? O…

A: The action potential is any shift in the membrane potential due to an increase or decrease of…

Q: Which of the following statements about the relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems…

A: Nervous system and endocrine systems are  co-ordinate with each other. The master of endocrine…

Q: An experimental cell line expresses K+ inward rectifier channels, Na+ leak channels, K+ channels…

A: Because alpha-1 adrenergic receptors are found in both vascular smooth muscle and cardiac tissue,…

Q: After a neuron fires an action potential, the lon concentration gradients are disrupted, What…

A: The neurons are the nerve impulse generating and transmitting cells in the nervous system. It is…

Q: In neurons, the direction of signal is always: Up axon to soma (cell body) O Down soma (cell body)…

A: Neurons use both electrical impulses and chemical signals to transmit the information between…

Q: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors allow both sodium and potassium to flow across the cell membrane…

A: Ach receptors stand for the acetylcholine receptors. These receptors functions in a similar manner…

Q: Which of the following is comparable to a negative feedback cycle? opening of voltage-gated Na*…

A: Negative feedback cycles are important mechanisms that help regulate biological processes. In…

Q: About neuronal excitability, what are the correct statements?    Neurons communicate via action…

A: Neurons are the structural and functional unit of the nervous system These cells are capable of…

Q: The giant squid axon has a diameter = 1mm and 1 = 13mm. Compared to a mammalian neuron with a…

A: Introduction  In neurons, graded potentials are electrical signals that vary in amplitude and…

Q: Once an action potential reaches a neurotransmitter release site, the release of the…

A: When an action potential reaches the end of an axon terminal, it triggers the opening of…

Q: Which of the following situations O None of these result in exten O Compromising the inactivatio…

A: Normally, the cells maintain a negative charge compared to the exterior of the cell. This charge…

Q: rearrange these in the correct order of events in an action potential.

A: The process of impulse transmission involves two stages known as resting membrane potential and…

Q: Place the following events in chronological order from 1-8: Nat enters the cell, and depolarization…

A: Neurons have the capability of generating and transmitting nerve impulses by transporting specific…

Q: Which statement is true regarding chemical neurotransmission? O An IPSP closer to the soma will…

A: The cells of the nervous system have a significant functionality i.e. Communication. At the neuronal…

Q: Which of the two proposed mechanisms for AA production in these cells do the observations support?…

A: IP3 and AA are formed as there is  stimulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptor by noradrenaline…

Q: Sometimes, neurotransmitter functioning decreases by adding another signal substance (e.g.…

A: Neurotransmitter- It is a substance that is responsible for transferring the information between the…

Q: Which of the following would be used by a cell to signal cells close by? You can choose multiple…

A: Cell signaling is the process of cell communication within the body. It is the ability of cells that…

Q: The following diagram represents a typical serotonergic synapse. Where, specifically, do…

A: Antidepressants are the medications that are used to relieve symptoms of depression, social anxiety…

Q: The key feature of AMPA receptors as demonstrated experimentally is_

A: AMPA receptors are responsible for the majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS,…