Which of the following changes would increase serotonin (5-HT) signaling between neurons? Select all that apply; partial point deduction forincorrect choices.O increase in serotonin synthesisO increase in the number of facilitating interneuronsO decrease of serotonin receptors in the post-synaptic neuroninhibition of serotonin reuptake transportersO increase in activity of serotonin reuptake transportersO faulty transport and docking of synaptic vesiclesdecrease in serotonin synthesisO increase of serotonin receptors in the post-synaptic neuron

Introduction: Serotonin: Also called 5-hydroxytryptamine, a monoamine neurotransmitter. It is the…

Answered: Which of the following changes would…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

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You learned in this chapter that Na+/K+ active transport pumps in the plasma membrane of the axons are responsible for creating the imbalance between Na+ and K+ inside and outside of the neuron that produces the resting membrane potential. In early research studying the role of ions and the involvement of active transport of ions in neural signaling, investigators used the giant axon of a squid as a model. The diameter of a giant axon is far greater than that of a mammalian axon, which enabled researchers to isolate it easily and use it in in vitro experiments. In one early experiment, researchers investigated the active transport of Na+ out of the axon in response to the presence of cyanide. Experimentally they hooked up a section of axon to a syringe, immersed the axon in artificial seawater, introduced radioactive 22Na (as 22NaCl) into the axon, and then quantified the transport of 22Na out through the axons plasma membrane. The rate of 22Na transport out of the axon was determined by measuring the radioactivity released into the fluid sur- rounding the axon over a period of time. The Figure shows the results of the experiment. What is the effect of cyanide on Na1 transport out of the squid axon? How do the data show the effect? Source: P. C. Caldwell et al. 1960. The effects of injecting energy-rich phosphate compounds on the active transport of ions in the giant axons of Loligo. The Journal of Physiology 152:561590. Cengage Learning 2017
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurotrans) to learn about the release of a neurotransmitter. The action potential reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, and a chemical signal is released to tell the target cell to do something, either initiate a new action potential, or to suppress that activity. In a very short space, the electrical signal of the action potential is changed into the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter, and then back to electrical changes in the target cell membrane. What is the importance of voltage-gated calcium channels in the release of neurotransmitters?
In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the refractory period begins as the K+ channel opens, allowing K+ ions to flow outward along their concentrationgradient. b. Na+ ions flow out of the axon with their concentration gradient. c. positive charges lower the membrane potential to its lowestaction potential. d. gated K+ channels open at the same time as the activationgate of Na+ channels closes. e. the depolarizing stimulus lowers the membrane potential toopen the Na+ gates.
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/summation) to learn about summation. The process of converting electrical signals to chemical signals and back requires subtle changes that can result in transient increases or decreases in membrane voltage. To cause a lasting change in the target cell, multiple signals are usually added together, or summated. Does spatial summation have to happen all at once, or can the separate signals arrive on the postsynaptic neuron at slightly different times? Explain your answer.
Which statement is true regarding chemical neurotransmission? O An IPSP closer to the soma will diminish the effects of an EPSP on a dendrite Chemical neurotransmission is mediated by gap junctions All neurotransmitter receptors are located on the postsynaptic cell membrane Neurotransmitters remain in the synaptic cleft indefinitely
Absolute refractory periods in axons: Result from conformational changes in voltage gated K channels after opening O Result from Cl channel induced hyperpolarization O Result from Ca dependent phosphorylation of K channels Result from conformation changes in voltage gated Na channels after opening O Result from Ca dependent phosphorylation of Na channels
apucreceptors ava ble at the synapse are reflected in this number. Question 2: In this chapter, we discussed a GABA-gated ion channel that is permeable to Cl. GABA also activates a G-protein-coupled receptor called the GABA receptor, which causes potassium-selective B channels to open. What effect would GABAB receptor activation have on the membrane potential? GABAB receptor activation causes potassium-selective channels to open. As a result this bringhs the
mbing fiber depolarizes mbrane potential to en Ca2+ channels. tage-gated channel 2+ Ca²+ Release 2+ Ca²+ Endoplasmic reticulum removal of AMPA receptors from the postsynaptic membrane. insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane O increase in intracellular Ca2+ via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels O DAG- and Ca2+-mediated activation of PKC increase in intracellular Ca2+ via endoplasmic reticulum IP3 receptors
Which statement is true regarding GABA and Glutamate? Glutamate signaling is only required for the development of glutamatergic synapses O GABA is always inhibitory Glutamate is recycled with the aid of glial cells at the synapse O Neither glutamate nor GABA are very prevalent in the CNS
Action potentials propagate in one direction because of: O K+ Voltage-gated Channels become inactive for a while O Nat Voltage-gated Channels become inactive for a while O K+ nongated Channels become inactive for a while O Nat nongated Channels become inactive for a while
Which two ideas about ion channels of a neuron at its resting potential are true? O ion channels are always closed, but ions move closer to the channels during excitation O ion channels open in response to stimuli and then close simultaneously, in unison O ion channels are always open, but the concentration gradients of ions frequently change O ion channels open and close depending on chemical messengers and are nonspecific as to which ion can traverse them O ion channels open and close depending on stimuli and are specific as to which ion can traverse them MacBook Pro Q %24 %23
Tetrodotoxin from pufferfish is a poison that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels. Therefore it directly blocks exocytosis of neurotransmitter O action potentials excitatory graded potentials inhibitory graded potentials

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