What causes Hyperpolarization following the spike of the action potential? Voltage-gated K+ channels close slowly allowing K+ ions to leave the cell The opening of leaky Na+ channels The Na+/K+ pump briefly reverses the direction of ion flow Both Na+ channels and K+ channels become inactivated Na+ and Cl- enter the cell until the Na+/Cl- pump closes

Q: Which of the following describes a threshold potential?   A brief reversal of the charge difference…

A: Answer. All cells have an electrical potential difference, or membrane potential, across the plasma…

Q: If you inhibit the closing of sodium channels what do you predict the effect on neuronal function…

A: Action potential in neuron is the direct consequence of voltage gated sodium channel. During the…

Q: The refractory period goes from "absolute" to "relative" when:   The inactivation gate of Na+…

A: Introduction: When the stimulus strength reaches at least reach the strength of threshold, there is…

Q: Which of the following describe(s) the difference(s) between an EPSP and an IPSP? Select all that…

A: The synaptic junction can be excitatory or inhibitory in nature depending upon the release of which…

Q: Which of the following statements is not true about neurons?   When there is no active nerve…

A: Neurons, specialized cells within the nervous system, play a vital role in transmitting electrical…

Q: Draw a chain of two neurons that synapse on one another in sequence. Label the presynaptic and…

A: Neurons are specialized cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the nervous…

Q: Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which of the following channels is most likely to…

A: Channels show passive transport. During passive transport, ions move from high concentration to low…

Q: What membrane protein of the neuron is responsible for briefly increasing the Na+ permeability of…

A: Transporters refer to the membrane protein that transports the molecules and ions from outside of…

Q: Axon segment depolarized to threshold AP regenerated in adjacent axon segment Voltage-gated Na*…

A: A neuron or neural cell is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. These cells…

Q: Place the events involved in generating an action potential in the order in which they occur: 1. K…

A: Nervous system is a type of body system which is involved in control , coordination and transmission…

Q: Which of the following ion channels are always sensitive to small changes in electric charge?…

A: Transport through the cell membrane is important for cells to supply nutrients, ions, and other…

Q: Which ion channel is open at the point beyond O? M N K - -55 -70 Membrane potential (mV)

A: K+ leak channels allow K+ ions to travel out of the cell freely according to the concentration…

Q: Which of the following intracellular potentials would have the greatest electrical attraction for…

A: Cell Membrane potential is a potential slope that forces ion particles to move in one side. positive…

Q: When a neurotransmitter binds with receptors at the membrane, it may cause sodium channels to open.…

A: The endogenous chemicals which makes neurons to communicate with each other throughout the body are…

Q: Which of the following is a correct functional match for CGMP? A Opens calcium ion channels Smooth…

A: B-Smooth muscle relaxation cGMP is a typical controller of particle channel conductance,…

Q: After an action potential has been initiated, there are two processes that prevent the membrane from…

A: The generation of action potential is very much important characteristics in nerve cells that is…

Q: Which two ideas about ion channels of a neuron at its resting potential are true? O ion channels are…

A: The movement of ions across the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the resting potential…

Q: Which of the following ion movements would be expected to produce an IPSP? Opening a calcium…

A: The movement of specific ions across the membrane is responsible for generating electric or action…

Q: Tetrodotoxin from pufferfish is a poison that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels. Therefore it…

A: Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin with high potency. Pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and…

Q: Which mechanism consumes energy to move ions across the neuron cell membrane? sodium-potassium…

A: There are two types of transport mechanisms- active transport and passive transport. Active…

Q: When a membrane channel opens, there is a reduction in the membrane_ which generates allowing ions…

A: Resistance- Here resistance is implied as movement of ions across the membrane. During…

Q: What is responsible for action potentials propagating in one direction? The inactivation of voltage…

A: Action potential generates when the neurons want to pass the information along the body from its…

Q: Which of the following are the likely explanations for the failure of a postsynaptic neuron to…

A: The postsynaptic element is often the soma or dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron. The other side of…

Q: During the resting state, a neuron is: polarized with sodium ions outside the cell and potassium…

A: Introduction :  The fundamental component of the nervous system is the neuron. A cell body,…

Q: The effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane is to   a. maintain the…

A: Depolarization of membrane potential excites the neurons. Depolarization refers to the change in…

Q: Which of the following describes the concentration of K+ and Na+ ions in and around a resting…

A: An action potential is an electrical signal that travels along the surface of a cell. This signal is…

Q: Which of the following is comparable to a negative feedback cycle? opening of voltage-gated Na*…

A: Negative feedback cycles are important mechanisms that help regulate biological processes. In…

Q: Order the following in the correct sequence that results in generation of action potential

A: An action potential is primarily known as a sudden, rapid, propagating, and transitory change of the…

Q: If the neuron is stimulated such that its membrane potential changes to 50 mV, what is the sign of…

A: The membrane potential is defined as the variance in electrical potential throughout the plasma…

Q: Opening voltage-gated potassium ion channels will allow potassium ions to O enter, repolarization…

A: There are various potassium channels such as voltage-gated potassium channel, calcium-activated…

Q: Aerobic, or low-intensity, muscle training eventually results in

A: Neurotransmitters are mainly referred to as the body’s chemical messengers. They are the particles…

Q: Which of these ions is actively transported through the cell membrane to re-establish a resting…

A: Resting phase  The potential difference(a charge) across the membrane at rest is called the resting…

Q: Place the following events in chronological order from 1-8: Nat enters the cell, and depolarization…

A: Neurons have the capability of generating and transmitting nerve impulses by transporting specific…

Q: State

A: Action potential:- The change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse…

Q: Determine whether each description refers to local (graded) potentials, action potentials, or both.…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…

Q: Which statement is true regarding the action potential process? 1) the repolarization phase must…

A: Cells communicate with each other via released proteins unique to each kind. Signal transduction…

Q: What proteins are responsible for the decrease of membrane potential in section 3? opening of…

A: Membrane potential is the difference in electric between the interior and the exterior of a…

Q: Which of the following takes place during an action potential? Na+ ions exit the cell causing…

A: The rapid and very fast change in the membrane potential during which the inside of the cell becomes…

Q: Photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye convert visible light into signals. They have special…

A: The the rod and cone cells in the retina are responsible for sensing the dim and colour vision…

Q: Fill in the diagram, your illustration should demonstrate for each phase of the AP: 1. The relative…

A: Action potential (AP) occurs when membrane potential on a specific location of a cell rapidly rises…

Q: When sodium ion channels open, what happens to the cell's membrane potential? O hyperpolarization O…

A: All cells have an electrical potential difference or membrane potential across their plasma…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.