If the neuron is stimulated such that its membrane potential changes to 50 mV, what is the sign of the driving force for Cl- ions and in which direction will these ions move across the membrane? Positive driving force; Cl- moves into the cell Positive driving force; Cl- moves out of the cell Negative driving force; Cl- moves into the cell Negative driving force; Cl- moves out of the cell

If the neuron is stimulated such that its membrane potential changes to 50 mV, what is the sign of the driving force for Cl- ions and in which direction will these ions move across the membrane? Positive driving force; Cl- moves into the cell Positive driving force; Cl- moves out of the cell Negative driving force; Cl- moves into the cell Negative driving force; Cl- moves out of the cell

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK

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Hydrophobic signals after binding to the cell-surface receptors activate downstream signal transduction proteins inside the cells. Select one: O True O False
Neurotransmitters of inhibitory signal makes the membrane potential more positive. Select one: O True O False Hydrophobic signals after binding to the cell-surface receptors activate downstream signal transduction proteins inside the cells. Select one: O True O False
Which of the following takes place during an action potential? Na+ ions exit the cell causing depolarization Repolarization occurs when K+ ions enter the cell The membrane becomes more negative during depolarization K+ ions start the action potentials Na+ enters the cell making the membrane potential positive.
Place the events involved in generating an action potential in the order in which they occur: 1. K moves out of the cell. 2. NA activation gates open 3. Excess K+ leaves cell causing hyperpolerization 4. NA+ enters cell and volage becomes less negative. 5. K+ channels close. 6. Threshold stimulus arrives. 7. Leakage channels restore resting membrane potential. 8. NA inactivation gates close and K* open. O 6,4,2,8,1,3,5,7 O 6,4,8,2,1,3,5,7 O 6,2,4,8,1,3,5,7 O 6,2,4,8,3,1,5,7
A resting cell's membrane is more permeable to K+ simply because: K has a higher atomic number than Na. The Na+/K+ ATPase only works in response to a stimulus. There are more voltage-gated K+ channels than voltage-gated Na+ channels in the cell membrane. There are more K+ leaky channels than Na+ leaky channels in the cell membrane.
What effect will positive ions entering the cell have on the membrane potential? 1 The cell will hyperpolarize 2 The inside of the cell will be less negative than at rest 3 The cell will repolarize 4 The inside of the cell will be more negative than at rest
This type of signal involves the movement of ions across the plasma membranes: graded potentials action potentials both graded potentials and action potentials neither graded potentials nor action potentials This type of signal loses strength as it travels from its point of origin graded potentials action potentials both graded potentials and action potentials neither graded potentials nor action potentials EO 000 DOO
When a neurotransmitter binds with receptors at the membrane, it may cause sodium channels to open. An inflow of sodium causes the membrane to partially depolarize and become less negatively charged. For example, the voltage might change from -70 mV to -65 mV. This partial depolarization of the dendrites and cell body acts as: an EPSP, exciting the cell and increasing the likelihood of action potentials. an IPSP, inhibiting the cell and reducing the likelihood of action potentials. none of these options; depolarization has no excitatory or inhibitory effect on a neuron. both an EPSP and and IPSP.
Place the following events in chronological order from 1-8: Nat enters the cell, and depolarization occurs to approximately +30 mV. The voltage across the cell membrane is -70 mV, the resting membrane potential. Upon reaching the peak of the action potential, the VG Nat channels are inactivated by the closing of their inactivation gate and the activation gate of each VG K channel opens. VG K channels close by the closing of their activation gate, and the resting membrane potential is gradually restored. An excitatory post-synaptic potential depolarizes the membrane to threshold and the activation gate of VG Nat channels open. Upon returning to the resting membrane potential, VG Na channels are reset by opening of the inactivation gate and the closing of the activation gate. VG K+ channels are slow to close, resulting in an excess of K* efflux and hyperpolarization. Depolarization occurs as K+ flows out of the cell.
Patch clamping is a technique to record the electrical potential or to measure currents generated by ions moving across the cell membrane. The figure shows the patch clamp records of a neurone before (control) and after treatment with tetrodotoxin (TTX) from pufferfish. TTX most like binds to and blocks Control inward current 50 pA 5 ms TTX voltage-gated sodium channels voltage-gated chloride channels sodium potassium pumps nicotinic acetylcholine receptors alpha adrenergic receptors muscarinic acetylcholine receptors beta adrenergic receptors
Which of the following statements about voltage gated channels is true? Voltage-gated sodium channels open at a higher (more positive) membrane potential than do potassium-gated channels Voltage-gated sodium channels open at a lower (more negative) membrane potential than do potassium-gated channels Sodium- and postassium-gated channels open at about the same membrane potential, but they have different effects because there are different numbers of the two kinds of channels in neuron cell membranes
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