When insulin responding cells remove the vesicles of glucose transporters from the plasma membrane, is this an example of exo- or endocytosis? Is this regulated or unregulated? Use the description above and your knowledge of the human body to explain how you got your answer.
When insulin responding cells remove the vesicles of glucose transporters from the plasma membrane, is this an example of exo- or endocytosis? Is this regulated or unregulated? Use the description above and your knowledge of the human body to explain how you got your answer.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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We generally tend to think of proteins only from a dietary lens, as a component of what we eat. However, they are among the most important and abundant organic macromolecules in the human body, with diverse structures and functions. Every cell contains thousands and thousands of proteins, each with specific functions. Some help in the formation of cellular membrane or walls, some help the cell to move, others act as messages or signals and flow seamlessly from one cell to another, carrying information.
Protein Expression
The method by which living organisms synthesize proteins and further modify and regulate them is called protein expression. Protein expression plays a significant role in several types of research and is highly utilized in molecular biology, biochemistry, and protein research laboratories.
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Transcribed Image Text:When insulin responding cells remove the vesicles of glucose transporters from the plasma membrane, is this an
example of exo- or endocytosis? Is this regulated or unregulated? Use the description above and your knowledge of
the human body to explain how you got your answer.
Transcribed Image Text:While endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is
important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized
in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a
pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane.
Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles
starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B -
cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will
release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream.
Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the
insulin signal from the blood stream. To prepare to respond to insulin, responder cells have also made pre-packaged
vesicles that have been filled with transmembrane glucose transporter proteins. This way when a responder cell
receives the insulin signal they will release their vesicles of glucose transporters (put the glucose doorway into the
plasma membrane) to allow a doorway for glucose to come into the cell. When the cell is done responding it will grab
the glucose transporters from the plasma membrane and bring them back into the cell in the vesicle.
Using the information above about insulin production and how other cells respond, answer the questions on the
worksheet.
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