What is/are the end product(s) of protein digestion?
Introduction to Experiment 2: Protein Digestion by Pepsin
In this experiment, we will look at for evidence of protein digestion using albumin, a protein, and Biuret reagent. Biuret reagent is used to test for the presence of proteins, or more specifically, peptide bonds. When long polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn violet, and when shorter polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn a lighter pink color.
- What is/are the end product(s) of protein digestion? Amino acids
- What is the purpose of the enzyme pepsin? It helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking down the peptide bonds between amino acids into smaller peptides
- If protein digestion has occurred, will the solution be violet or pink (choose one)?
Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details):
- What color do you expect the solution to turn when the P tubes are mixed with Biuret solution and why?
P1
P2
P3
P4
- The least protein digestion (or none at all) will take place in tubes (P1, P2, P3, and/or P4)?
Why?
What color will these tubes be after the Biuret test?
- Of the remaining two tubes, tube ________ will have more protein digestion than tube _________.
Why?
Introduction to Experiment 3: Lipid Digestion by Lipase
In this experiment, we will investigate lipid digestion. Remember that lipids include fats, so the two terms are often used interchangeably. To do this, we will use litmus cream, which is a mixture of cream and litmus. Cream contains triglycerides (neutral fats). Litmus is a pH indicator. Purple indicates a neutral pH. Pink indicates an acidic pH. Blue indicates a basic pH.
- How do bile salts act on a mixture of fat and water?
- What is/are the end product(s) of fat digestion?
- Is either of these end products acidic? If so, which one? _
Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details): :
- Which of the tubes do you expect will have the most digestion of fats? The next most digestion of fats? No digestion of fats? Explain.
- Rank the tubes in order of predicted acidity at the end of the experiment.
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Most Acidic |
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Least Acidic |
Tube number |
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- What color do you expect each tube to be after the hour long incubation period?
L3
L4
L5
RESULTS
Experiment 1: Starch Digestion by Amylase
Tube number |
A1 |
A2 |
A3 |
A4 |
Contents |
amylase, water |
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Lugol’s Solution test result (color) |
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Positive (+) or Negative (-) for starch digestion |
N/A, control |
N/A, control |
N/A, control |
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Benedict’s Reagent test result (color) |
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Positive (+) or Negative (-) for starch digestion |
N/A, control |
N/A, control |
N/A, control |
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Other comments or possible errors?
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Experiment 2: Protein Digestion by Pepsin
Tube number |
P1 |
P2 |
P3 |
P4 |
Contents |
albumin, water |
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pH before incubation |
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Color after Incubation |
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Positive (+) or Negative (-)for protein digestion |
N/A, control |
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Other comments or possible errors?
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Experiment 3: Lipid Digestion by Lipase
Tube number |
L1 |
L2 |
L3 |
L4 |
L5 |
Tube contents |
Litmus cream, HCl |
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Color after incubation (color is an indicator of pH) |
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Positive (+) or Negative (-) for fat digestion? |
N/A, control |
N/A, control |
N/A, control |
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Other comments or possible errors?
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DISCUSSION
Experiment 1: Starch Digestion by Amylase
- The purpose of test tubes A2 and A3 is to illustrate what a positive result looks like for Lugol’s solution and Benedict’s reagent. Did these tubes appear how you expected them to appear? If not, what might this mean?
- What was the purpose of test tube A1? (Hint: review or look up the definition of an experimental control.)
- Describe the results of tube A4. Are the results of test tube A4 when mixed with Lugol’s solution and with Benedict’s reagent consistent with what you know about starch digestion by amylase?
- Which of your hypotheses were correct? Incorrect? Explain the results that caused you to reject incorrect hypotheses, if you made any.
- List some possible experimental errors that may have influenced your results.
Experiment 2: Protein Digestion by Pepsin
- What was the purpose of tubes P1 and P2?
- Does the effectiveness of pepsin depend on pH? Explain, using your results.
- Which of your hypotheses was correct? Which were incorrect?
- Are the results of this experiment consistent with what you know about pepsin?
- List some possible experimental errors that may have influenced your results.
Experiment 3: Lipid Digestion by Lipase
- In this experiment, you observed the pH of the solutions, as indicated by their final color. How can the pH of a solution tell you if fat digestion has occurred? (Hint: refer to the questions you answered in the introduction.)
- Which of your hypotheses were supported by the results? Which were not?
- What was the purpose of test tubes L1, L2 and L3?
- List some possible experimental errors that may have influenced your results.
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