Voltage-gated Na+ channels are.... (select all that apply).  Group of answer choices: A. Opened by the presence of negative charge B. Opened by the presence of positive charge C. Always open D. Gated

Q: Which of the following statements about membrane ion channels is incorrect? a. mechanically gated…

A: Ion channels are located in the membrane. They can be voltage-sensitive, ligand-gated, or…

Q: Why do voltage-gated sodium channels have three states (open, closed, refractory/open-block)? Select…

A: The refractory period is the time during which a second action potential cannot be initiated &…

Q: The exocytosis of the synaptic vesicles depends on:

A: Synapse is the junction between two neurons. It is formed between the dendrites of one neuron and…

Q: Action potentials are normally initiated at the axon hillock because a. there is a particularly high…

A: When the membrane potential of a given cell location rapidly rises and falls, an action potential…

Q: Hyperkalemia was discussed at length in this module.  If a cell is experiencing hyperkalemia, what…

A: Question-  Hyperkalemia was discussed at length in this module.  If a cell is experiencing…

Q: Which of the following primarily reflects the opening of voltage-gated Na* channels? A. The resting…

A: Voltage-gated Na+ channels are gated, meaning that they can be opened or closed in response to…

Q: Answer the following questions in regards to voltage-gated channels in the neuron: a. What is the…

A: The neurons are the functional units of the nervous system that helps in sensory and motor…

Q: Why does neuronal function require the voltage-gated K+ channels to open more slowly than the…

A: Voltage-gated channels are specialized proteins that are essential for the generation and…

Q: Select one: a. increased amount of ATP b. movement of chlorine down its concentration gradient c.…

A: Introduction  Information is transmitted via neurons. They communicate between various brain regions…

Q: What makes an impulse move down the line…i.e. what causes the next zone to depolarize? A. the Na+/K+…

A: A neuron has the capability of receiving inputs from another neuron. If this input is strong, then…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding polarized membranes is incorrect? a. There is a…

A: At rest, the ionic composition of the interior and outside of a neuronal membrane varies. As a…

Q: Neurotransmitters are released from neurons due to the opening of ____________. Select one: a.…

A: Neuron is the sub unit of nervous system. It helps in coordinating the different body parts via…

Q: Depolarization and repolarization changes that occur during the action potential are produced by…

A: Introduction: Just neurons and muscle cells are fit for creating an action potential and that…

Q: Wriich of the lollowing thuices correctly ills in the blanks? During repolarization, the sodium ions…

A: The process of generation of action potential is a complex process and it involves three main phases…

Q: 60. The action potential of a normal axon is shown on the graph. K* conductance is maximal at which…

A: Introduction :- An action potential (AP) is defined as a rapid rise and fall in the membrane…

Q: A local potential will only lead to an action potential if is reached O a. depolarization b. resting…

A: A sudden, rapid, transitory, and spreading change of resting membrane potential is an action…

Q: .dחaMa"in it the

A: The equilibrium potential is the particular membrane potential where the net flow through any open…

Q: A loss-of-function mutation in the ion channel responsible for the generation of end-plate…

A: Introduction:- Mutation is defined as the heritable changes in the genetic material of an organism.…

Q: Which of the following statements relating to depolarization is incorrect? a. it is a reduction in…

A: The central nervous system consists of numerous specialized cells called neurons. The neurons are…

Q: Define the following terms: a. depolarization b. repolarization c. passive transport d. active…

A: The plasma membrane in eukaryotes is made up of phospholipids, embedded with ion channels and…

Q: factors responsible for a negative resting membrane potential include: check all that apply:   a.…

A: We can say that The negative resting membrane potential of a cell is the membrane potential that is…

Q: A hyperpolarized cell can be generated when:   Group of answer choices A. ligand-gated ionotropic…

A: Introduction  Ionotropic receptors, also known as ligand-gated ion channels (LICs, LGIC), are a…

Q: There is a type of toxin found in the liver of the puffer fish that prevents the opening of…

A: Introduction  The neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) is highly toxic. Its name is derived from the group…

Q: During repolarization, what is the state of the voltage-gated Na+ channels? What about the…

A: Introduction: The brief cascade of changes occurring in membrane potential post excitation is…

Q: On the graph above, when do the sodium ion channels close? Select one: a. between 0.2 ms and 0.5 ms,…

A: When the stimulus is provided, the Sodium ion VGIC's (Voltage-gated ion channel) move from resting…

Q: A. There is a lower resistance in the lower panel at the point where voltage is measured. B. There…

A: To identify: To identify the correct difference between the middle panel and the lower panel from…

Q: 13) Draw a graph representing the changes in membrane potential across the axonal membrane before,…

A: The electric signals that flow down the dendrites to form a nerve impulse or an action potential are…

Q: List the membrane potential value that would coincide with the following events: a. Resting…

A: The neurons have the tendency to transmit the physical stimulus in the form of an electrical…

Q: Which of the following allows the cell to recover from hyperpolarization during an action potential?…

A: The transmission of signals across the different regions of the body occurs in the form of…

Q: The membrane potential labeled (0) is due to which of the following (when compared to (3) potential.…

A: Resting membrane potential is about -90 MV which suggests that the negative charge within the cell…

Q: Which of the following is true about the conduction of action potentials?

A: Generation of Action potential occurs in the axon. The action potential is generated due to opening…

Q: Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+ affects the restingmembrane potential by causinga.…

A: The difference between the electrical potential in the intracellular and extracellular cellular…

Q: During an EPSP, the _____ gates in the membrane open. During an IPSP, the _____ gates open. a.…

A: The nervous system comprises of organs made up of neurons (nerve cells). The nervous system is…

Q: Lypically 10 the membrane potential at which a gra mv to 20 mv depolarized both of these.

A: Resting membrane potentials are maintained by 2 differing types of particle channels: the…

Q: At what point during the action potential process is ATP used. (Short answer)

A: An action potential is a self-regenerating wave of bioelectrical depolarization that travels along…

Q: Post synaptic neurons membrane potentials are less negative than resting membrane potentials when…

A: Post-synaptic neurons are the neurons that receive signals (in the form of neurotransmitters) from…

Q: Fill in the diagram, your illustration should demonstrate for each phase of the AP: 1. The relative…

A: Action potential (AP) occurs when membrane potential on a specific location of a cell rapidly rises…

Q: An inhibitory post synaptic potential is a membrane potential that:   A. Is slightly depoloarized…

A: Membrane potential can be defined as the type of potential gradient which is present across the cell…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.