TWIKKUNJUN Bacampicillin is a pro-drug of ampicillin. Esterases take function in its conversion. Beside the formation of ampicillin, which of the following metabolites cannot form regarding the fate of other metabolites formed? HH₂ H m 14/6 Lov Bacampicilin Select one: a.Carbon dioxide bisopropanol cAcetic acid d Acetaldehyde e.Ethanol La Ampicillin CH
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- what possible outcome may be produced when the molecular weight of an alcohol antiseptic is increase to a C20, will it still be effective? Explain your answerUnbranched homopolymer of N-acetyl glucosamine is : 1.Cellulose 2.Chitin 3.Curcumin 4.Concanavalin ADiazepam is converted in vivo to an active metabolite Oxazepam. Explain metabolic transfomation of diazepam to oxazepam. (Provide names of enzymes involved in this transformation. Drawings of structures ofintemediate metabolites is NOT required)
- Chymptrysin preferentially binds thetransition state. Explain what is meant by this.Considering the general structure of penicillins, how are they rendered ineffective? Select one: a. β-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the amide in the penicillin side chain b. β-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the amide in the β-lactam ring and subsequently hydrolyzes this intermediate c. β-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the thiazolidone ring on the carbon next to the electronegative sulfur leading to a covalently inhibited β-Lactamase d. All of these e. None of theseCompare and contrast the c4 pathway and the malate–aspartate shuttle in bullet format, meaning list the similarities and differences.
- Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following reaction. The fourmemberedring in the starting material and product is called a β-lactam.This functional group confers biological activity on penicillin and many related antibiotics. (Hint: The mechanism begins with β elimination and involves only two steps.)Considering the general structure of penicillins, how are they rendered ineffective? Select one: O a B-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the amide in the penicillin side chain Ob. B-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the amide in the B-lactam ring and subsequently hydrolyzes this intermediate OC. B-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the thiazolidone ring on the carbon next to the electronegative sulfur leading to a covalently inhibited B-Lactamase o d. All of these O e. None of theseDraw the structures of the major metabolites you would predict (Phase I and Phase II) for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen and the beta blocker propranolol (use hand drawn illustrations or free chemistry drawing software, e.g. Marvin, for your answer). Explain how these metabolites are formed and comment on the role of metabolism (Phase I and Phase II) in the detoxification of the drugs.
- The following structure is more active than morphine as an analgesic. H3C CH3 H. H3C' O Il.. What is the principal reason for this? The extra acetyl group binds to cell surface receptors improving active internalization. The acetyl groups mask a polar group allowing the structure to cross the blood brain barrier more efficiently. The extra acetyl group masks an alcohol group which would otherwise undergo a phase Il metabolic conjugation reaction leading to rapid excretion of the drug. The acetyl groups increase the stability of the drug in the cellular environment. O Il..The structures of two antiviral drugs are shown below. Draw the structures of the natural compounds they mimic and briefly describe in your own words the mechanism of action of these drugs. Br- `NH Но HO-P `N' HO, Но OH (a) Foscarnet (b) BrivudinePsilocybin is a hallucinogenic compound found in some mushrooms. Present a straightforward pathway for its biosynthesis from one of the aromatic amino acids.