Tiny foxes live on the Channel Islands off the coastof Southern California; the adults weigh less than3 lbs. These so-called island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) derived from the mainland gray fox (Urocyoncinereoargenteus). Analysis of genome sequencesrevealed that unlike the mainland foxes, the foxeson a single island have shockingly little geneticdiversity.a. The genome of only one fox from each island wassequenced. How would the lack of genetic diversitybe evident in a single genome sequence?b. The populations of the foxes on each island aresmall. How might the low diversity have occurred?c. Why is low genetic diversity thought to lead tospecies extinction?d. Hypothesize as to why the Channel Island foxesare thriving without human assistance despite theirlack of genome sequence diversity

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.