The title suggests that an action research design was used for purposes of this study. What information provided in the excerpt are characteristics of an action research design? What was the problem that gave rise to this study? What are the dependent and independent variables for this study? The excerpt mentions a main research What are two sub-questions the researchers could ask? What type of sampling was most likely used for purposes of this study? What specific kind of sampling technique was most likely used to draw the sample? What was used as theoretical and analytical framework and why? What are three findings from this study?
Read the excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Distance teaching in small rural primary schools: a participatory action research project
Hilli, C., 2020. Distance teaching in small rural primary schools: a participatory action research project. Educational Action Research, 28(1), pp.38-52.
The aim of the study is to identify and examine the distance teaching practices of four teachers in three small, rural primary schools in Finland – small in the sense that the schools consists of between 20–50 pupils and between 3–12 teachers. The schools have experienced a decline in pupil numbers, thus, they are not able to employ teachers full-time. The participating teachers imagined distance education as one solution to extend the classroom and faculty. Practice architectures is used as a theoretical and analytical framework to answer the question ‘What cultural, material, and social discourses constitute the development of the practice around distance education in small, rural primary schools?’ The data consists of interviews with and video blogs by the teachers recorded during 2016–2017. The implications are that cultural-discursive, material-economic, and social-political arrangements surrounding distance education are intertwined in small schools. Architectural arrangements enabled flexible solutions when developing distance education. The same arrangements proved to be material and cultural constraints as the teachers had many responsibilities in their everyday practice and support from the faculty was sometimes lacking. The teachers felt constrained by the technology and communicating with pupils at a distance meant they had to develop new teaching strategies.
Keywords: Virtual Learning Environments, Distance Education, Primary schools, Participatory Action Research, Practice Architectures
1.1 The title suggests that an action research design was used for purposes of this study. What information provided in the excerpt are characteristics of an action research design?
- What was the problem that gave rise to this study?
- What are the dependent and independent variables for this study?
- The excerpt mentions a main research What are two sub-questions the researchers could ask?
- What type of sampling was most likely used for purposes of this study? What specific kind of sampling technique was most likely used to draw the sample?
- What was used as theoretical and analytical framework and why?
- What are three findings from this study?
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