The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a high-fat diet compared to a low-fat diet on the risk of stroke. The investigators compared 200 individuals who had a stroke and were currently residing in one of several hospitals to 500 other subjects who were in the hospital for reasons other than blood clot disorders or health events. All subjects were asked to report the amount of fat they consume the past 24 hours prior to their hospital visit. 4. What type of study design is this? a. Case report b. Case series c. Ecological Study d. Cross-sectional (descriptive) e. Cross-sectional (analytic) f. Case-control g. Retrospective cohort h. Prospective cohort i. Randomized clinical trial The aim of this study was to evaluate fall rates among older men across body mass index (BMI) categories, while also taking physical performance, age, and comorbidities into consideration. After the baseline assessment, participants reported falls every 4 months over the next 5 years. At the end of follow-up, obesity was independently associated with higher fall rates in men 65 to 80 years old. Gait speed and stability may mediate this association. 4b. What type of study design was used for the study? a. Case report b. Case series c. Ecological Study d. Cross-sectional (descriptive) e. Cross-sectional (analytic) f. Case-control g. Retrospective cohort h. Prospective cohort i. Randomized clinical trial

Phlebotomy Essentials

6th Edition

ISBN:9781451194524

Author:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)

Publisher:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)

Chapter1: Phlebotomy: Past And Present And The Healthcare Setting

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SRQ

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Question

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a high-fat diet compared to a low-fat diet
on the risk of stroke. The investigators compared 200 individuals who had a stroke and were
currently residing in one of several hospitals to 500 other subjects who were in the hospital for
reasons other than blood clot disorders or health events. All subjects were asked to report the
amount of fat they consume the past 24 hours prior to their hospital visit.
4. What type of study design is this?
a. Case report
b. Case series
c. Ecological Study
d. Cross-sectional (descriptive)
e. Cross-sectional (analytic)
f. Case-control
g. Retrospective cohort
h. Prospective cohort
i. Randomized clinical trial
The aim of this study was to evaluate fall rates among older men across body mass index (BMI)
categories, while also taking physical performance, age, and comorbidities into consideration.
After the baseline assessment, participants reported falls every 4 months over the next 5 years.
At the end of follow-up, obesity was independently associated with higher fall rates in men 65 to
80 years old. Gait speed and stability may mediate this association.
4b. What type of study design was used for the study?
a. Case report
b. Case series
c. Ecological Study
d. Cross-sectional (descriptive)
e. Cross-sectional (analytic)
f. Case-control
g. Retrospective cohort
h. Prospective cohort
i. Randomized clinical trial

Expert Solution

Step 1

Case reports, case series or case study research are all descriptive studies. These study designs are prepared for illustrating novel, unusual, or atypical features identified in patients during medical practice. They potentially generate new research questions.

Explanation of each given options

A case report design consists of a detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, and follow-up after treatment of an individual patient.
A case series design consist of a group of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment.
Ecological studies helps to identify the relationship between outcome and exposure at a population level. The population in such studies represents a group of individuals with a shared characteristic like geographical location, ethnicity, or employment. It compares large groups of population.
Cross sectional study design is another type of observational study that analyzes data from a population at a specific point in time (cross-sectional data). In such study design, the investigator measures the outcome and the exposures in the participants at the same time. Descriptive cross-sectional studies describes the status of a phenomena or relationships between phenomenons at a fixed point in time. Eg: past smoking habits and current diagnoses of lung cancer
An analytical cross-sectional study is a non-experimental quantitative research design. Data is gathered from a group of subjects at only one point in time. Eg: number of people in a population with diabetes who are obese and the number of people in a population with diabetes who are not obese.
Case Control study design is also a type of observational study, in which the participants are selected based on their outcome status. Some selected participants have the outcome of interest referred to as cases), whereas others do not have the outcome of interest referred to as controls. Eg: studying impact of exposure to sunlight on the health of office going employees.
Retrospective cohort studies are a type of observational research in which the researcher looks back in time at archived or self-report data so as to assess whether the risk of disease was different between exposed and non-exposed patients.
A prospective cohort study too is an observational study that consist of an investigation that includes two or more groups of similar patients who undergo different treatments and who are then assessed for a specific outcome.
Randomized clinical trial is a study design that randomly assigns participants into an experimental group or a control group.