The image shows the flow of electrons through electron carriers I, II, III, and IV within the mitochondrial inner membrane. The electronegativity of the protein carriers determines their capacity to attract electrons. Based on the image, which of the following best describes the electronegativity of the carriers and the synthesis and utilization of ATP during the electron-transfer process?Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most electronegative. ATP is required for electron transfer between carriers.Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is not required for electron transfer between carriers.Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is utilized in a distinct reaction, not directly coupled with electron transfer.Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most electronegative. ATP is synthesized in a distinct reaction, not directly coupled with electron transfer. The diagram illustrates the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, highlighting the movement of electrons and protons across the inner membrane, leading to ATP synthesis.1. **Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space**: The area between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria.2. **Inner Membrane**: A high surface area membrane where the electron transport chain (ETC) occurs.3. **Mitochondrial Matrix**: The internal space of the mitochondria where the Krebs cycle takes place, producing electron carriers.**Process Overview**:- **NADH and FADH₂**: Electron carriers NADH and FADH₂ donate electrons to the electron transport chain. NADH donates to Complex I and FADH₂ to Complex II.- **Electron Flow**: Electrons move through a series of complexes (I-IV) and mobile carriers, facilitating the movement of H⁺ (protons) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space.- **Electron Carrier Protein Complexes**: Complexes I, II, III, and IV are embedded within the inner membrane. They transfer electrons and pump H⁺ across the membrane.- **Mobile Electron Carrier**: These carriers, such as ubiquinone and cytochrome c, shuttle electrons between complexes.- **Complex IV Reaction**: Electrons combine with oxygen and protons to form water (H₂O). Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor.- **ATP Synthase**: The enzyme that uses the flow of H⁺ back into the matrix to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P). The proton gradient drives ATP synthesis.**Key Molecules**:- **NAD⁺, FAD**: Regenerated carriers, ready to accept new electrons from the Krebs cycle.- **ADP and P**: Substrates converted into ATP, the cellular energy currency.- **ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)**: The main energy output, generated by the ATP synthase.This electron transport chain is crucial for cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular activities.

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a sequence of protein complexes and electron carriers that are…

Answered: The image shows the flow of electrons…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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The image shows the flow of electrons through electron carriers I, II, III, and IV within the mitochondrial inner membrane. The electronegativity of the protein carriers determines their capacity to attract electrons.

Based on the image, which of the following best describes the electronegativity of the carriers and the synthesis and utilization of ATP during the electron-transfer process?

Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most electronegative. ATP is required for electron transfer between carriers.

Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is not required for electron transfer between carriers.

Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is utilized in a distinct reaction, not directly coupled with electron transfer.

Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most electronegative. ATP is synthesized in a distinct reaction, not directly coupled with electron transfer.