Make a rough drawing of the four complexes in the Electron Transport Chain. Label each side of the mitochondrial membrane and show the direction and number of protons pumped at each site.
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- Referring to the figure below, explain why NADH yields more ATP than FADH2 does. Electron-transport and proton pump Oxidative phosphorylation Outer mitochondrial membrane H* -Intermembrane H+ H+ H+ space H* H+ H+ Cytochrome c H+ COQH, CoQ UU COQH2 CoQ JU U Inner mitochondrial membrane Ht e ATPase Complex II Complex II Complex IV Complex e ADP +P - Mitochondrial matrix NADH NAD+ FADH2 FAD АТР H+ -H+ H+ H20Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes representing complex I, II, III, and IV, and ATP Synthase. Make two more of these drawings. Label the first one mitochondrial electron source and using a different ink color, indicate the source(s) of electrons. Label the second mitochondrial energy source, and indicate the source of energy driving the electron transport chain. In the third, label the mitochondrial electron acceptor in its proper position. In this third drawing, also include ATP synthase (in its correct orientation-the spherical part is on the opposite side of the membrane as the H+ reservoir). Label your diagrams with the correct names for the membranes, ATP synthase, and to show where the protons (H+) are pumped to drive ATP synthesis.Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes representing complex I, II, II, and IV, and ATP Synthase. Make two more of these drawings. Label the first one mitochondrial electron source and using a different ink color, indicate the source(s) of electrons. Label the second mitochondrial energy source, and indicate the source of energy driving the electron transport chain. In the third, label the mitochondrial electron acceptor in its proper position. In this third drawing, also include ATP synthase (in its correct orientation-the spherical part is on the opposite side of the membrane as the H+ reservoir). Label your diagrams with the correct names for the membranes, ATP synthase, and to show where the protons (H*) are pumped to drive ATP synthesis.
- The four complexes of the electron transport chain use the energy of electrons stored in reducing agents to create a concentration gradient of protons (H*) across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Give the number of protons pumped into the intermembrane space by each of the four complexes: complex I: complex II: complex III: complex IV:Make a rough drawing of the ATP synthase machinery within the mitochondrial membrane and specifically label the Fo and F1 subunits, as well as the C-ring, the a subunit, the y stalk and the a3ß3 hexamer.Below is a diagram of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Arrows indicate the direction of electron flow between the components of this chain. Identify each lettered item by filling in the blanks below the diagram.
- The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle can transport cytosolic NADH equivalents into the mitochondrial matrix (see Fig. 15.11c). In this shuttle, the protons and electrons are donated to FAD, which is reduced to FADH₂. These protons and electrons are subsequently donated to coenzyme Q in the electron transport chain. End of Chapter Problem 86a How much ATP is generated per mole of glucose when the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is used? (Tolerance is +/- 2%) ATP are generated per glucose.The image shows the flow of electrons through electron carriers I, II, III, and IV within the mitochondrial inner membrane. The electronegativity of the protein carriers determines their capacity to attract electrons. Based on the image, which of the following best describes the electronegativity of the carriers and the synthesis and utilization of ATP during the electron-transfer process? Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most electronegative. ATP is required for electron transfer between carriers. Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is not required for electron transfer between carriers. Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is utilized in a distinct reaction, not directly coupled with electron transfer. Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most…Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes representing complex I, II, III, and IV, and ATP Synthase. Label your diagrams with the correct names for the membranes, Make two more of these drawings. Label the first one mitochondrial electron source and using a different ink color, indicate the source(s) of electrons. Label the second mitochondrial energy source, and indicate the source of energy driving the electron transport chain. In the third, label the mitochondrial electron acceptor in its proper position. Also include ATP synthase (in its correct orientation-the spherical part is on the opposite side of the membrane as the H+ reservoir). Use a different color of ink to show where the protons (H+) are pumped to drive ATP synthesis. also indicate where ATP is generated and were the power is stored to generate ATP. NOW, do the same thing with chloroplasts. Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large photosynthetic…
- In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics results indicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioned diseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of the electron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance.Electron transfer translocates protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the external medium, establishing a pH gradient across the inner membrane (outside more acidic than inside). The tendency of protons to diffuse back into the matrix is the driving force for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase. During oxidative phosphorylation by a suspension of mitochondria in a medium of pH 7.4,pH 7.4, the measured pH of the matrix is 7.7. Calculate [H+] in the external medium and in the matrix under these conditions. a)[H+]in the matrix: b)What is the outside‑to‑inside ratio of [H+]? c)What is the free‑energy change inherent in this concentration difference across the membrane? (Assume a temperature of 25 °C.25 °C.)Look at the diagram of the mitochondrial electron transport chain below and answer the questions that follow Ubiquinone Membrane Z Complex I Complex III Y Complex I| Succinate Fumarate H,0 NAD NADH There are 2 names for the component in the orange circle labelled Y, they are: and The name of the component X in the red circle is The membrane labelled Z is the membrane Which component accepts electrons from complex 1?