Assume there is no cyanide poisoning. What would happen if the inner mitochondrial membrane was permeabilized to the point where it no longer served as a barrier, affecting the proton gradient and ATP synthesis?
Q: What will happen to the proton (H+ions) gradient in the mitochondria if the inner membrane is…
A: The proton gradient is created when the high energy electron is passed along the electron transport…
Q: what process drives the proton circuit in mitochondrial cells?"
A: Because of specialized organelles, eukaryotic cells are more complicated than prokaryotic cells. All…
Q: Electron Transport in Mitochondria Is Coupled to _______ Pumping.
A: During the electrons transport chain, NADH and FADH2 get oxidized, and the electrons are transferred…
Q: Mutations that prevent Bax and Bak from interacting with the outer mitochondrial membrane would…
A: Bax and Bak are Bcl 2 associated proteins which are heterodimeric in nature .
Q: Which of the following conditions promote the synthesis of ATP through the electron transport chain?…
A: ATP is the energy currency of the cell which is mostly synthesized via oxidative phosphorylation due…
Q: If one FADH2 enters the electron transport chain, describe how electrons from FADH2 flow through the…
A: FADH2 transports electron to electron transport chain at the inner mitochondrial memberane and…
Q: Define chemiosmosis and explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner…
A: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate synthesis is an important part of oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is the…
Q: The final electron acceptor of electron transport chains in mitochondria is __________.
A: The final electron acceptor of electron transport chains in mitochondria is Oxygen.
Q: Two mobile electron transfer carriers are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Name these…
A: Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen…
Q: What would be some of the challenges involved in removing respiratory complexes from the inner…
A: Mitochondria are organelle that are present in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the…
Q: If electron flow through the ETC stops, what happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial…
A: 1.If Electron flow through the ETC stops, proton gradient cannot be maintained i.e, less ATP will be…
Q: Describe the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
A: Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles that can be found in nearly every eukaryotic cell.They…
Q: What would be the effect on ATP production of decreasing the pH inside the mitochondrial matrix?…
A: The mitochondria is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most of the eukaryotic organisms.…
Q: Draw a simple sketch illustrating an inner mitochondrial membrane that is actively involved in…
A: The mitochondria are one of the cellular organelles, which has a double bilipid membrane and the…
Q: Explain why compounds such as cyanide that disrupt the electron transport chain are poisons
A: Electron transport chain: Electrons are deposited in electron transport chain and electrons move to…
Q: Statement 1: Both Pyruvate Processing and Krebs Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Statement…
A: The correct option is OPTION 1 - Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 is false. Explanation- Glucose…
Q: Describe the step-by-step process by which electrons from glucose catabolism in the cytoplasm are…
A: Glycolysis is an aerobic process of metabolizing a glucose molecule to generate energy in the form…
Q: Identify the final acceptor of the electrons released in the reactions of cellular respiration.
A: Cellular respiration is known as a metabolic pathway that results in the breakdown of glucose and…
Q: Hydrogen cyanide gas is a lethal poison that binds to the last cytochrome molecule in the electron…
A: The bond between carbon and nitrogen in any chemical is called cyanide (CN). This compound is…
Q: What would decrease the number of ATP molecules generated per NADH molecule in the electron…
A: NADH is defined as the body coenzyme which will facilitate numerous biological reactions. NADH is…
Q: 1.6 If the inner membrane of the mitochondrion became permeable to hydrogen ions, how would this…
A: ATP ATP or adenosine Triphosphate is the energy currency of the cell.
Q: A chemical is applied to cells that allows the free flow of protons across the mitochondrial…
A: Cellular respiration refers to the group of metabolic reactions that takes place in the cell, which…
Q: Which directions across the mitochondria must H+, ATP, ADP, and Pi travel during active…
A: Protons (H+) pass back to mitochondrial matrix through a channel in the ATP synthase. It uses…
Q: explain why oxidative phosphorylation is an emergent property of the mitochondria
A: The mitochondria is one of the important cell organelle present in the eukaryotic cell. The…
Q: omplex II of electron transport chain is involved in the KREB'S Cycle during the conversion of…
A: Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the citric acid cycle is the principle source of energy for cells…
Q: What is the minimum voltage drop for individual electron transfer events in the mitochondrial…
A: The electron transport chain that occurs in mitochondria is present in a sequence of electron…
Q: Could the inner mitochondrial membrane carry out its functions in the coupling of electron transport…
A: Mitochondria is a cellular organelle. It is a membrane bound organelle which performs cellular…
Q: What is the minimum voltage drop for individual electrontransfer events in the mitochondrial…
A: The electron transport chain that occurs in mitochondria is present in a sequence of electron…
Q: At the end of glycolysis, but before the subsequent steps in cellular respiration, which molecules…
A: The glycolytic pathway is also known as the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway involves reactions in which…
Q: A proton gradient is produced by the electron transport chain. Which compartment in the…
A: The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes that is involved in the transfer of…
Q: Which cell organelles are the sites of energy-yielding reactions? Describe the energy-yielding…
A: Mitochondria It is a double membrane bound organelles found in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They…
Q: CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER 1.In oxidative phosphorylation, which condition drives ATPase to produce…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation Metabolic pathway in which electrons get transferred from electron donors…
Q: Define the following terms:a. mitochondrionb. aerobic respirationc. apoptosisd. outer mitochondrial…
A: Mitochondrial is commonly known as a powerhouse of the cell where a major metabolic process takes…
Q: Explain why an intact, impermeable mitochondrial membrane is essential forATP synthesis.
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is considered as a process, in which ATP is synthesized, which is utilized…
Q: As glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules, the link reaction occurs twice per…
A: Glycolysis is the process of complete oxidation of glucose resulting in the formation of 2 pyruvate…
Q: A larger proton gradient is required to forma single ATP in chloroplasts than in mitochondria.…
A: Major constituents of the living world are plants. These organisms require energy for performing…
Q: If 30 molecules of acetyl CoA enter into the mitochondria in the presence of O2, how many molecules…
A: Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic reactions and processes carried out in the cells of…
Q: The enzyme that leads to the re-entry of protons into the mitochondrial matrix is called the F1-ATP…
A: The increase in H+ concentration on one side of the membrane causes the development of proton motive…
Q: Assume 10 NADH molecules and 10 FADH2 molecules enter the electron transport chain. How many ATP…
A: Each NADH molecule produces 3ATP during the Electron Transport Chain with oxidative phosphorylation.…
Q: Describe the processes that are driven by mitochondrial electron transport.
A: Electron transport is part of cellular respiration.
Q: Explain the organization of electron carriers in mitochondrial membrane.
A: The inner mitochondrial membrane contains various components of the electron transport system. It…
Q: Glycolysis Answer 1Choose...Outer Mitochondrial MembraneCytosolInner Mitochondrial MembraneCytosol…
A: Mitochondria are specialized organelles that contain the reactions of cellular respiration. A…
Q: ATP generationinvolves electron transport chains and the enzyme ATPsynthase, which are embedded in…
A: Mitochondria is the site for oxidative phosphorylation. The process includes oxidation of NADH and…
Q: Why can't the electron transport step happen in the cytoplasm?
A: Electron transport chain It is a series of reaction that finally leads to the production of ATP, a…
Q: Fill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L,…
A: Acetyl-CoA is produced by the breakdown of both carbohydrates and lipids. It then enters the citric…
Q: Explain how NADH carry electrons by explaining what a hydride is. Which metabolites can…
A: NADH- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a cofactor cental to metabolism. NADH supplements as…
Q: Describe the involvements of the followings in the electron transport centre in the inner…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is responsible for the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 molecules…
Q: If one FADH2 enters the electron transport chain, describe how electrons from FADH2 flow through the…
A: Introduction The reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 formed during the citric acid cycle are…
Q: explain how cellular respiration would be affected if the ATP synthase molecule/structure were not…
A: Metabolism is process of various biochemical reactions that breaks and makes the molecules in the…
Q: Briefly explain the structure and sequence of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain while…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is a set of protein complexes that helps in the transfer of…
Assume there is no cyanide poisoning. What would happen if the inner mitochondrial membrane was permeabilized to the point where it no longer served as a barrier, affecting the proton gradient and ATP synthesis?
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Predict the outcome of a mitochondrial membrane that is more permeable to hydrogen ions than normal. answer choices A.) Increased levels of inorganic phosphate in the mitochondrial matrix B.) Reduced formation of water C.) Reduced activity of electron transport chain D.) Increased activity of ATP synthaseThe maintenance of a proton motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane is crucial for continued ATP production. Surprisingly, it has been discovered that the inner membranes of certain cells contain proteins, called uncoupling proteins, that are capable of transporting protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. Why would mitochondria contain transporters that essentially waste energy potential in the proton gradient?The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle can transport cytosolic NADH equivalents into the mitochondrial matrix (see Fig. 15.11c). In this shuttle, the protons and electrons are donated to FAD, which is reduced to FADH₂. These protons and electrons are subsequently donated to coenzyme Q in the electron transport chain. End of Chapter Problem 86a How much ATP is generated per mole of glucose when the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is used? (Tolerance is +/- 2%) ATP are generated per glucose.
- Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: The ATP generated by oxidative respiration is used throughout the cell. The majority of ATP production occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. How do you think ATP is made accessible to enzymes in the cytosol and other organelles?Uncoupling agents are proteins spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane that allow protons to pass through the membrane and bypass the channel of ATP synthase. Describe the consequences to the proton gradient and ATP production.?Draw a simple sketch illustrating an inner mitochondrial membrane that is actively involved in chemiosmosis and label the two compartments it separates. Add the ATP synthase complex, indicate the proton gradient, and specify in which compartment ATP is synthesized.
- In the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+ . Explain how this could cause weight loss and death.Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler" that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane "leaky" to protons. It was used until 1938 as a weight- loss drug. What effect would you expect DNP to have on the change in pH across the inner mitochondrial membrane? Why do you think this might be an effective weight-loss drug? Intermembrane space Mitochondrial matrix ATP Synthase ADP Inner mitochondrial membrane ATP Figure 7.11 ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses a proton (H) gradient to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). (Credit: modification of work by Klaus Hoffmeier)Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: If the inner mitochondrial membrane were rendered as permeable as the outer membrane, how would that affect oxidative phosphorylation? Which specific processes would stop and which remain?
- Fill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L, when there is an excess of mitochondrial L, it converts to M using a TCA condensation reaction, M crosses to the cytosol using a designated transport system. In the cytosol, M reconverts to L and oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is subsequently converted to malate with simultaneous production of N, a prerequisite cofactor for the glycolysis pathway. This reaction is then followed by conversion of N to pyruvate which produces O, a prerequisite cofactor for the fatty acid synthesis pathway. L M N O A. ATP pyruvate malate NADPH B. ATP citrate ATP NAD+ C. acetyl CoA pyruvate NAD+ NADH D. acetyl CoA citrate NAD+ NADPH E. glucose pyruvate malate NADP+Match each item with the correct statement below concerning the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. You can choose a selection more than once. Question 61 options: Where do protons re-enter the mitochondrial matrix? What molecule is transported by facilitated diffusion? What are the electron donor molecules at the beginning of the chain? In what order are the components of the chain arranged? Where do electrons, protons, and oxygen meet to become water? What is the first protein complex of the chain? What moves into the intermembrane space? What accepts the electrons at the end of the chain? 1. increasing electronegativity 2. decreasing electronegativity 3. ATP 4. oxygen 5. protons 6. NADH/FADH2 7. NADH dehydrogenaseMutations that prevent Bax and Bak from interacting with the outer mitochondrial membrane would prevent the release of cytochrome c and inhibit intrinsic apoptosis. prevent the release of cytochrome cand promote assembly of the apoptosome. trigger the release of cytochrome c and promote intrinsic apoptosis. trigger the release of cytochrome c and promote the assembly of the apoptosome. trigger the release of cytochrome c and promote the cleavage of procaspase-8.