The fight-or-flight reaction prepares an animal to Pesponu lu threatening situation, by either fighting or running away. One aspect of this response is changes in blood flow such that the skeletal muscles and heart receive higher blood flow (vessels dilate) while digestive organs receive less (vessels constrict). A) Which signal molecule(s) is/are involved in this response, and how do they produce these changes in blood vessels? Briefly explain how this example illustrates how different cells are able to use the same ligands in different ways.

The fight-or-flight reaction prepares an animal to Pesponu lu threatening situation, by either fighting or running away. One aspect of this response is changes in blood flow such that the skeletal muscles and heart receive higher blood flow (vessels dilate) while digestive organs receive less (vessels constrict). A) Which signal molecule(s) is/are involved in this response, and how do they produce these changes in blood vessels? Briefly explain how this example illustrates how different cells are able to use the same ligands in different ways.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Explain in detail the funcations and signalling and activation of ephrin receptor EPHB2. Give step by step explanation
From the Hill Plot below, the of the first binding event for the receptor-ligand system under study is: Q1 4 nM 10 μΜ -2 nM 2 nM Calculate the Hill Coefficient from the receptor-ligand binding data below: Q2 4 100 2 3 (077) log 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 log [L] (nM) 6 8 10
Intracellular signaling pathways provide multiple opportunities for the amplification of a response to an extracellular signal. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True False
13) Draw a graph representing the changes in membrane potential across the axonal membrane before, during, and after an action potential. On your graph, use a highlighter to clearly indicate for which portions of your graph the letter corresponding to each cellular event listed below belongs. List of cellular events: A) All K* channels open B) All Na* channels close C) The Na*/K* ATPase cotransporter transports Na* and K* across the membrane. D) All Na* channels open E) The threshold value of membrane potential is attained. F) All K* channels close G) Some Na* channels open Your graph:
Contrast inhibition of excitation at the NMJ by curare & tetrodotoxin. Focusing on the mechanisms of inhibition, the exact step in the process that is inhibited, and the physiological consequences.
How can the same signal (ligand) , result in different cellular responses in different cell types with the same receptors?
We saw that GPCRs have a basal level of constitutive activity. Not all receptors do. Why might having this constitutive activity be a benefit to the cells?
Below is a figure from a 2015 paper that characterizes the effect of venom from the spider Selenocosmia hainana on voltage-gated sodium channels. According to the I-V curve (current-voltage curve) in Figure panel B, what is the effect of the venom on voltage-gated sodium channels? Current is on the y-axis and voltage is on the x-axis during an action potential. The figure legend denotes the concentration of the venom being applied. A C rHNTX-IV (10 μM) -rHNTX-IV (100 nM) Control Control 5 nA 10 ms r 5 nA 10 ms rHNTX- IV (10 μM) B D -80 -80 -60 -60 A -40 -40 V (mv) -20 V(mv) -20 be TOLF 2-6 I (NA) -8 ON -12 10 -12 -14 -8 -10 (NA) Control 100 nM — 10 μΜ 40 -Control -- 10 μM 40
Which of the following statements most accurately describes what happens when an antagonist binds to a receptor? The antagonist binds non-covalently to the receptor and promotes internalisation of the receptor. Antagonist binding alters the structure of the receptor making it unable to function normally. At sufficiently high concentrations the antagonist can prevent the receptor from binding to its natural (endogenous) ligand. The antagonist-receptor complex binds to a heterotrimeric G protein forming a stable and inactive ternary complex.
A GRK inhibitor would have what effect on GPCR inactivation in the presence of a GPCR agonist? (a) it would decrease it; (b) it would maintain the same rate of inactivation; (c) it would increase it.
From the Hill Plot below, the KD of the first binding event for the receptor-ligand system under study is: 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 4 6 8 10 (0=1) 601 log -4- -6 -6 -4 -2 0 2
Briefly explain how integrin inside-out and outside-in signaling is different structurally and functionally? (hint: explain what happened to ligand binding and conformation)