The drug AZT was the first drug that seemed effective in delaying the onset of AIIDS in people infected with HIV. Evidencefor AZT's effectiveness came from a large randomized comparative experiment. The subjects were 1300 HIV-positivevolunteers who had not yet developed AIIDS.The double-blind study assigned 435 of the subjects at random to take 500 milligrams of AZT each day and another 435 totake a placebo. At the end of the study, 38 of the placebo subjects and 17 of the AZT subjects had developed AIDS.(a) Calculate and interpret the odds ratio, OR, and the relative risk, RR, for the AZT group compared with the placebogroup. (Enter your answers rounded to four decimal places.)RR =OR =How do the values for OR and RR compare?O The OR value is much larger than the RR value which must imply the risk of getting AIDS while not using AZT ismuch higher. Both values are very easy to interpret since they are quite intuitive.O The OR value is somewhat similar to the RR value but is more challenging to interpret because odds are less intuitive.O The OR value is very different from the RR value, neither value is very challenging to interpret since they are bothsimple ratios.The OR value is much smaller than the RR value which must imply the risk of getting AIDS while not using AZT ismuch higher. Both values are very hard to interpret since they are not very intuitive.(b) Calculate the absolute and the relative risk reduction for AIIDS onset. (Enter your answers rounded to four decimal places.)ARR =RRR =(c) Calculate the number needed to treat with AZT compared with a placebo to prevent the onset of AIDS in 1 patient. (Enteryour answer as a whole number.)NNT =

Name: The drug AZT was the first drug that seemed effective in delaying the
Uploaded: 2024-03-20T07:07:12.000Z
Channel: Bartleby
Description: The drug AZT was the first drug that seemed effective in delaying the onset of AIIDS in people infected with HIV. Evidencefor AZT's effectiveness came from a large randomized comparative experiment. The subjects were 1300 HIV-positivevolunteers who

Aids AZT Placebo Total Exposure (Yes) a=17 b=38 a+b=55 Unexposure (No) c=418…

Math

Statistics

The drug AZT was the first drug that seemed effective in delaying the onset of AIIDS in people infected with HIV. Evidence for AZT's effectiveness came from a large randomized comparative experiment. The subjects were 1300 HIV-positive volunteers who had not yet developed AlIDS. The double-blind study assigned 435 of the subjects at random to take 500 milligrams of AZT each day and another 435 to take a placebo. At the end of the study, 38 of the placebo subjects and 17 of the AZT subjects had developed AlIDS. (a) Calculate and interpret the odds ratio, OR, and the relative risk, RR, for the AZT group compared with the placebo group. (Enter your answers rounded to four decimal places.) RR = OR =

The drug AZT was the first drug that seemed effective in delaying the onset of AIIDS in people infected with HIV. Evidence for AZT's effectiveness came from a large randomized comparative experiment. The subjects were 1300 HIV-positive volunteers who had not yet developed AlIDS. The double-blind study assigned 435 of the subjects at random to take 500 milligrams of AZT each day and another 435 to take a placebo. At the end of the study, 38 of the placebo subjects and 17 of the AZT subjects had developed AlIDS. (a) Calculate and interpret the odds ratio, OR, and the relative risk, RR, for the AZT group compared with the placebo group. (Enter your answers rounded to four decimal places.) RR = OR =

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

A clinical trial is planned to compare an experimental medication designed to lower blood pressure to a placebo. Before starting the trial, a pilot study is conducted involving eight participants. The objective of the study is to assess how systolic blood pressure changes over time untreated. Systolic blood pressures are measured at baseline and again 4 weeks later Is there a statistically significant difference in blood pressures over time? Run the test at a 5% level of significance. Give each of the following to receive full credit: 1) the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses; 2) the appropriate test; 3) the decision rule; 4) the calculation of the test statistic; and 5) your conclusion including a comparison to alpha or the critical value. You MUST show all your work to receive full credit. Partial credit is available. Baseline 4 weeks 135 136 150 142 143 135 160 158 152 155 143 140 133 128 146 129
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet favorably affect several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The principal dietary polyunsaturated fat is linoleic acid. Suppose we randomly selected twelve adults for our study. We took their blood pressure measurements (systolic blood pressure) at the start and recorded them for each adult. Then we placed required these adults to consume 23g/day of safflower oil which is high in linoleic acid for four weeks. At the end of the four weeks, we took another systolic blood pressure(SBP) measurement. The paired data is provided below: Subject 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Baseline SBP 119.67 100.00 123.56 109.89 96.22 133.33 115.78 126.39 122.78 117.44 111.33 92.39 1-month SBP 117.33 98.78 123.83 107.67 95.67 128.89 113.22 121.56 126.33 110.39 107.00 93.06 Use the appropriate nonparametric test at alpha level of 0.05, to test whether the diet heavy in linoleic acid increases systolic blood pressure (SBP). Use Steps 0-5
Tardigrades, or water bears, are a type of micro-animal famous for their resilience. In examining the effects of radiation on arganisms, an expert claimed that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colany of tardigrades no longer has a mean of 1200 Gy (grays). (For comparison, humans cannot withstand more than 10 Gy.) A study was conducted on a sample of 21 randomly selected tardigrade colonies, finding that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony had a sample mean af 1225 Gy, with a sample standard deviation of 65 Gy. Assume that the population of amounts of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades is approximately normally distributed. Complete the parts below to perform a hypothesis test to see if there is enough evidence, at the 0.10 level af significance, to support the claim that H, the mean amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades, is nat equal to 1200 Gy. (a) State the null hypothesis and the…
ester Hollar is vice president for human resources for a large manufacturing company. In recent years, he has noticed an increase in absenteeism that he thinks is related to the general health of the employees. Four years ago, in an attempt to improve the situation, he began a fitness program in which employees exercise during their lunch hour. To evaluate the program, he selected a random sample of eight participants and found the number of days each was absent in the six months before the exercise program began and in the six months following the exercise program. Below are the results. Employee Before After 1 6 5 2 6 2 3 7 1 4 7 3 5 4 3 6 3 6 7 5 3 8 6 7 At the 0.05 significance level, can he conclude that the number of absences has declined? Estimate the p-value. State the decision rule for 0.05 significance level. (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.) Compute the test statistic. (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)
carefully watched over a number of feedings. If it used its right paw more than half the time to activate the tube, it was defined to be “right-pawed." Observations of this sort showed that 67% of mice belonging to strain A/J are right-pawed. A similar protocol was followed on a sam- ple of thirty-five mice belonging to strain A/HeJ. Of those thirty-five, a total of eighteen were eventually classified as right-pawed. Test whether the proportion of right-pawed mice found in the A/HeJ sample was significantly differ- ent from what was known about the A/J strain. Use a two- sided alternative and let 0.05 be the probability associated with the critical region.
Answer the following:
You are concerned that nausea may be a side effect of Tamiflu, but you cannot just give Tamiflu to patients with the flu and say that nausea is a side effect if people become nauseous. This is because nausea is common for people who have the flu.Past studies state that about 33% of people who get the flu experience nausea. You collected data on 2248 patients who were taking Tamiflu to relieve symtoms of the flu, and found that 810 experienced nausea. You decide to carry out a simulation to test the claim that the percentage of people who take Tamiflu for the relief of flu symtoms and experience nausea is greater than 33%.a) Identify the null and alternative hypotheses.H0H0: ? p = p ≠ p < p > p ≤ p ≥ μ = μ ≠ μ < μ > μ ≤ μ ≥ H1H1: ? p = p ≠ p < p > p ≤ p ≥ μ = μ ≠ μ < μ > μ ≤ μ ≥
A large company that produces a "tat-burner pill claims an average Ioss of 20 pounds in the first month. A consumer advocacy group believes that this claim is actually just "hype" intended to sell more of the compound. The advocacy group Would like to obtain statistical evidence about this issue and takes a random sample of 100 consumers who responded that they had purchased the pill but didn't know what the survey was about. They find that these 100 people lost an average of 18 pounds. Let the standard deviation of the population be 7.5 pounds. Clearly state the hypotheses, obtain the test statistic and p-value, and state the decision and conclusion. Show all your work.
Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 24 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 34 % developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.10. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and P2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…
Based on past record of a pharmaceutical company, the cure rates for a standardmedication in treating a particular ailment is ten percent. After five years, thecompany has produced a new medication. The hired pharmacist in the companyclaims that the new medication produced by the company is effective in treating aparticular ailment compared to a standard medication. In a simple randomsample of two hundred subjects who took the new medication, it was found thatsixty subjects are uncured. Meanwhile, one hundred and eighty subjects arecompletely cured from three hundred subjects who took the standard medication.Given that the 97.8% confidence interval for the cure rates of the standardmedication is (0.5352, 0.6648). Can we conclude that the cure rates of thestandard medication do not change from the past record?
A study in a journal published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (as reported in the Miami Herald, Jan. 14, 1997) seems to suggest that preschoolers who drink more than 12 ounces of fruit juice a day tend to be heavier and shorter than preschoolers who do not. The study involved a random sample of 168 healthy youngsters of whom 59 drank on average more than 12 ounces of fruit juice per day. Each child was weighed and measured. The measurements were then converted to percentage of normal height and weight for a child of that age and gender. For example, a weight percentage of 1.1 indicates that the child is 10% heavier than average. A recorded 0.80 indicates the child is 20% below the average. An average weight is recorded as 1.0. Same with height. Column 1: Juice 1- indicates child DID drink > 12 oz 2- child DID NOT drink > 12 oz Column 2: Weight% weight converted to percent of…