The diagram below shows a closeup of regulatory proteins binding to one of the UASG elements near the GAL7, GALIO, and GALI genes, which code for the protein products needed for yeast to use the sugar galactose. The red triangle symbolizes an "effector" molecule that binds to Gal80p. In this hypothesis (which has since been shown to be incorrect), what could be happening to Gal80p when it is bound to the effector molecule that causes it to change its position and uncover the Gal4p transcriptional activation domain. Hint: think about w hat effector molecules do upon binding to proteins such as the the Lac repressor protein or the CAP protein.

Q: Very briefly, explain how a ligand binding to the extracellular receptor region of a GPCR causes a…

A: GPCR stands for G protein-coupled receptor. It is a type of membrane protein found on the surface of…

Q: (d) ( through the disulfide bridge. If this bridge were found for the two joined amino acids free in…

A: Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are bound together by peptide linkage. Amino acids…

Q: If a mutation is introduced into I-KBα that inhibits it phosphorylation by the IKK complex, this…

A: Mutation in I-KBα that inhibits its phosphorylation by the IKK complex can prevent the translocation…

Q: Which of the following would most likely mimic Rb loss? Rb mutant where the phosphosites are mutated…

A: Rb is a tumor suppressor gene. Loss of function mutation in Rb gene leads to the retinoblastoma and…

Q: Cyclin Serine ********** Lysine Aspartic "Acid Lysine -OFI Acid CDK 2 •NH3+ Lysine -O11 Serine NH3t…

A: Cyclin and cyclin dependent kinases help in regulation of cell cycle, transcription, communication…

Q: Explain why in cells that are genetically NF1–/–, basal levels of GTP-bound activated Ras are higher…

A: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a typical hereditary problem portrayed by various neurofibromas,…

Q: What is allosteric regulation? Describe HOW allosteric regulation acts like an “on/off” switch for…

A: The cell signaling is the communication between cells that requires specific signaling molecules…

Q: Expression of yeast GAL genes are regulated by Mig1. A Mig1 mutant was identified that could not be…

A: Gal gene expression is subjected to exposure of galactose as well as combination of certain…

Q: Briefly discuss somatic hypermutation. What is the function of SH? What does SH result in? Name the…

A: Introduction:- The majority of antibodies that express germ-line sequences have a poor affinity.…

Q: Proteins that are retained in the ER have a KDEL sequence at their C-terminus.  To test the idea…

A: Protein disulfide isomerase,, is an enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes that…

Q: Receptor tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor can basically be broken…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a group of membrane-bound receptors that act as signal…

Q: ISP+OCZY+/F' I*P*O*ZY™ Lacz No IPTG IPTG LacY No IPTG IPTG

A: The Lac operon is a well-studied example of gene regulation in bacteria. It is an inducible operon,…

Q: Using baker's yeast it is possible to generate point mutations that destroy the kinase activity of…

A: Polyadenylation is a process of adding poly A tail to pre- mRNA.

Q: Which of the following is the most likely result of a mutation in the lac operator that prevents…

A: Lac operon is defined as an operon or set of genes that have a single promoter. The genes present in…

Q: Mutations that inactivate p53 have a recessive phenotype, whereas mutations affecting Ras are…

A: P53 is a tumor protein, which codes for the protein that regulates the cell cycle and suppresses…

Q: which of the following correctly describes how protein kinase A can activate genes? A: nuclear…

A: By activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase-A (PK-A), which is activated when cAMP binds to the…

Q: Cholera is an acute, diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine with the gram-negative,…

A: Proteins are high molecular weight biomolecules made up of amino acid residues linked via peptide…

Q: Researchers who study those rods cells have performed a series of experiments to better understand…

A: Researchers have carried out tests to look at the impact of the PDE protein on the cytosolic…

Q: Attenuation affects anabolic pathways, whereas repression affects either anabolic or catabolic…

A: Transcription is the process in which the DNA sequence of a gene is copied to create a molecule of…

Q: In studies trying to understand the regulation of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase, it was…

A: Understanding the intricate regulation of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase is pivotal in…

Q: First, you apply a signaling ligand known to activate this Gs protein and track yellow fluorescence.…

A: G protein coupled receptors are the cell surface receptors and transmit signals to their…

Q: you were to remove the ER retrieval signal (KDEL) from protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is…

A: Signal sequence is a specific tag of a short peptide which is attached to the N terminal of the…

Q: In an E. coli mutant, beta galactosidase and permease are expressed at high levels when both glucose…

A: In normal condition, when lactose level is high and glucose level is low, galactosidase and permease…

Q: A -------| B-------> Violet A linear switch-regulation pathway of the type shown here controls…

A: The products of genes A and B are involved in a pathway responsible for flower color formation. The…

Q: enzyme (Tyr 15 of phorylated, the en- -ylation state of any lows replication. The role of Cdk…

A: The cell cycle is highly regulated by different regulatory proteins that includes the cdc2 and…

Q: If you wanted to engineer the initiator caspase from the Fas/FasL extrinsic apoptosi pathway to…

A: Apoptosis It is the process of controlled cell death. Unwanted cells are removed early on in…

Q: Two protein kinases, barley kinase and hops kinase, function sequentially in an intracellular…

A: The signaling pathway is a chemical or physical signals that is transmitted to a cell through series…

Q: You are in a research lab studying the function of the mutated form of a receptor called Protein X,…

A: Protein X can be the Thyroid hormone receptor. The correct option is d.  Thyroid hormone is…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.