The average number of cavities that thirty-year-old Americans have had in their lifetimes is 9. Do twenty- year-olds have fewer cavities? The data show the results of a survey of 16 twenty-year-olds who were asked how many cavities they have had. Assume that the distribution of the population is normal. 6, 6, 6, 10, 8, 5, 10, 10, 9, 7, 11, 5, 6, 6, 11, 11 What can be concluded at the a = 0.05 level of significance?

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**Educational Website Content: Hypothesis Testing Example**

The average number of cavities that thirty-year-old Americans have had in their lifetimes is 9. Do twenty-year-olds have fewer cavities? The data below shows the results of a survey conducted with 16 twenty-year-olds, assessing how many cavities they have had. Assume the distribution of the population is normal.

**Survey Data:**

6, 6, 6, 10, 8, 5, 10, 10, 9, 7, 11, 5, 6, 11, 11, 11

**Research Question:**
What can be concluded at the α = 0.05 level of significance?

**Steps for Hypothesis Testing:**

a. **Study Type Selection:**
   
   - Choose the type of study appropriate for this hypothesis test.

b. **Null and Alternative Hypotheses:**

   - \( H_0: \) [State the null hypothesis]
   - \( H_1: \) [State the alternative hypothesis]

c. **Test Statistic Calculation:**

   - Calculate the test statistic value and show the answer to three decimal places.

d. **P-Value Calculation:**

   - Calculate and show the p-value to four decimal places.

e. **Comparison:**

   - Compare the p-value with α = 0.05.

f. **Decision Making:**

   - Decide whether to reject or not reject the null hypothesis based on the comparison.

g. **Conclusion:**

   - Choose the correct interpretation of the results:
     1. The data suggest the population mean number of cavities for twenty-year-olds is not significantly less than 9 at α = 0.05.
     2. The data suggest the population mean is not significantly less than 9, so there is insufficient evidence.
     3. The data suggest the population mean is significantly less than 9, providing sufficient evidence.

h. **Interpretation:**

   - Analyze and interpret the p-value in the context of the study.
   - Discuss the potential for a Type 1 error at the given alpha level.

**Note:**

This setup guides students through a hypothesis testing process, emphasizing careful analysis and interpretation of statistical results.
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Website Content: Hypothesis Testing Example** The average number of cavities that thirty-year-old Americans have had in their lifetimes is 9. Do twenty-year-olds have fewer cavities? The data below shows the results of a survey conducted with 16 twenty-year-olds, assessing how many cavities they have had. Assume the distribution of the population is normal. **Survey Data:** 6, 6, 6, 10, 8, 5, 10, 10, 9, 7, 11, 5, 6, 11, 11, 11 **Research Question:** What can be concluded at the α = 0.05 level of significance? **Steps for Hypothesis Testing:** a. **Study Type Selection:** - Choose the type of study appropriate for this hypothesis test. b. **Null and Alternative Hypotheses:** - \( H_0: \) [State the null hypothesis] - \( H_1: \) [State the alternative hypothesis] c. **Test Statistic Calculation:** - Calculate the test statistic value and show the answer to three decimal places. d. **P-Value Calculation:** - Calculate and show the p-value to four decimal places. e. **Comparison:** - Compare the p-value with α = 0.05. f. **Decision Making:** - Decide whether to reject or not reject the null hypothesis based on the comparison. g. **Conclusion:** - Choose the correct interpretation of the results: 1. The data suggest the population mean number of cavities for twenty-year-olds is not significantly less than 9 at α = 0.05. 2. The data suggest the population mean is not significantly less than 9, so there is insufficient evidence. 3. The data suggest the population mean is significantly less than 9, providing sufficient evidence. h. **Interpretation:** - Analyze and interpret the p-value in the context of the study. - Discuss the potential for a Type 1 error at the given alpha level. **Note:** This setup guides students through a hypothesis testing process, emphasizing careful analysis and interpretation of statistical results.
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