Shown below is a cytokine signaling pathway which regulates SOCS gene expression and T cell division. Cytokine Step 1: Cytokine receptors (CR) remain bound to JAK proteins and they are both Active CR dephosphorylated when inactive. Inactive CR P. Step 2: Binding of cytokines to CR causes two PIAK JAK-P JAK monomers of CR to dimerize. JAK STAT STAT-P Inactive Step 3: JAK proteins bound to the cytoplasmic domains of the CR phosphorylate each other. They also phosphorylate and activate the dimerized CR. STAT -P NUCLEUS STAT P Active STAT - P Step 4: Activated CR phosphorylates STAT proteins and this results in its dimerization and activation. STAT-P STAT P SOCS gene transcribed Step 5: Active STAT protein dimer moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of the SOCS gene by binding to its'promoter. SOCS CYTOPLASM Cell division gene expression promotes cell division. Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a transcription factor? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) а. b. Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a kinase? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) Consider the following homozygous mutations in different components of the signaling pathway. Mutant 1: CR lacks its extracellular domain that binds to cytokine ligand Mutant 2: STAT protein cannot be phosphorylated Mutant 3: SOCS promoter sequence is heavily methylated C. Complete the table for each of the mutations in the presence of cytokines Mutant CR active JAK active STAT SOCS Cell division (Yes/No) (Yes/No) dimerized expressed (Yes/No) (Yes/No) (Yes/No)
Shown below is a cytokine signaling pathway which regulates SOCS gene expression and T cell division. Cytokine Step 1: Cytokine receptors (CR) remain bound to JAK proteins and they are both Active CR dephosphorylated when inactive. Inactive CR P. Step 2: Binding of cytokines to CR causes two PIAK JAK-P JAK monomers of CR to dimerize. JAK STAT STAT-P Inactive Step 3: JAK proteins bound to the cytoplasmic domains of the CR phosphorylate each other. They also phosphorylate and activate the dimerized CR. STAT -P NUCLEUS STAT P Active STAT - P Step 4: Activated CR phosphorylates STAT proteins and this results in its dimerization and activation. STAT-P STAT P SOCS gene transcribed Step 5: Active STAT protein dimer moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of the SOCS gene by binding to its'promoter. SOCS CYTOPLASM Cell division gene expression promotes cell division. Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a transcription factor? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) а. b. Which protein/s in the above pathway functions as a kinase? (Cytokine/CR/JAK/STAT/SOCS) Consider the following homozygous mutations in different components of the signaling pathway. Mutant 1: CR lacks its extracellular domain that binds to cytokine ligand Mutant 2: STAT protein cannot be phosphorylated Mutant 3: SOCS promoter sequence is heavily methylated C. Complete the table for each of the mutations in the presence of cytokines Mutant CR active JAK active STAT SOCS Cell division (Yes/No) (Yes/No) dimerized expressed (Yes/No) (Yes/No) (Yes/No)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
Related questions
Question
Please Explain
Expert Solution
This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780134580999
Author:
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:
PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:
9781947172517
Author:
Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:
OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781259398629
Author:
McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:
Mcgraw Hill Education,
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780134580999
Author:
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:
PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:
9781947172517
Author:
Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:
OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781259398629
Author:
McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:
Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780815344322
Author:
Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:
W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781260159363
Author:
Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9781260231700
Author:
Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:
McGraw Hill Education