Show the first cycle of beta-oxidation of stearic acid. How any ATPS will be generated from the complete oxidation of this fatty acid?
Q: What initial chemical transformation takes place on a fatty acid to activate it for catabolism?
A: Fatty acids are long chains of lipid-carboxylic acid found in fats and oils and in cell membrane as…
Q: Explain Fatty acid oxidation process.
A: Lipids are macromolecules which is insoluble in water. They are not polymers like the other…
Q: Carnitine is an important cofactor in which stage of fatty acid metabolism?
A: Fatty acid metabolism involves beta oxidation and it consists of the following steps: Conversion of…
Q: Whether the inability to fully break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan may…
A: Fatty acid oxidation is the aerobic process of breaking down a fatty acid into acetyl-CoA units…
Q: Which steps of aerobic metabolism of pyruvate through the citric acid cycle are control points?
A: Cellular respiration can be defined as the series of metabolic reactions that occur in the living…
Q: Is ketogenesis anabolic or catabolic? Thus, what initiates the ketogenesis in our body?
A: Most of the acetyl-CoA produced during fatty acid oxidation is used by the citric acid cycle or in…
Q: Explain the function of brown fat. What does its mechanism imply about the effect of ATP…
A: Brown Fat Adipose tissues are found under the skin that consists of two types of fats: white fat…
Q: How does the first cycle of fatty acid degradation differ from the subsequent cycles?
A: Metabolism is defined as the entire quantity of biochemical events that occur in an organism's cells…
Q: Describe beta oxidation and tell where it takes place Where does most of the glycerol produced by…
A: Fatty acids are a type of carboxylic acid consist of a long carbon chain that may be unsaturated or…
Q: How much ATP is formed from complete fatty acid oxidation?
A: Fatty acid oxidation : It is the mitochondrial aerobic process of breaking down a fatty acid into…
Q: Show how the following fatty acid is oxidized: CH, CH,CH,CH,CH– CH,-C-OH Indicate at which points…
A: Fatty acids act as building block for fats in our body and they are also found in the foods we eat.…
Q: What will be the approximate energy yield through aerobic metabolism, of a 16-carbon fatty acid?…
A: β-oxidation of fatty acid occurs in mitochondria. Before β- oxidation activation of fatty acid…
Q: explain the steps of beta-oxidation in fatty acid metabolism
A: Fatty acids are long chains of hydrocarbons attached with carboxylic group. The hydrocarbon chain…
Q: How many ATP molecules result from the processing of 10 acetyl CoA molecule through the common…
A: Glucose is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway, whose end product is the three carbon…
Q: Explain why inhibiting the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase might not affect a person’s body mass.
A: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a biotin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible…
Q: How would the body be affected by a drug that selectivelyinhibited lipoxygenase?
A: Lipoxygenases are the family of enzymes acting on polyunsaturated fatty acids possessing multiple…
Q: . How would the rapid accumulation of succinyl-CoA affect the rate of glucose oxidation?
A: Cellular Respiration is the oxidative process through which energy is obtained from the food. The…
Q: what is the rate limiting step in the oxidation of fatty acids?
A: Fatty acids are components of lipids composed of hydrocarbon chain and a carboxylic acid end. Fatty…
Q: Identify and briefly discuss each mechanism ensuring against simul- taneous fatty acid synthesis and…
A: Glucose acts as the main source of energy. Breakdown of fatty acids takes place when all the glucose…
Q: Describe the role of acetyl-CoA, acyl carrier protein (ACP), and fatty acid synthase in fatty acid…
A: Fats are an important storage biomolecule in the human body. When plenty of glucose is available in…
Q: Describe the mechanism in which NADH is involved in the activation of oxygen molecules in fatty acid…
A: The desaturation of fatty acids is done by an enzyme called fatty acyl-CoA desaturase. It removes…
Q: WHAT is the TOTAL NET YIELD of ATP (incl. ATP equivalents from NTPs, NADH, and FADH2) from the…
A: Aerobic oxidation of fatty acids includes beta oxidation of fatty acids and Krebs cycle thise are…
Q: How many molecules of Pyruvate can form from Glycerol metabolism as a by-product of fatty acid…
A: The major precursors of gluconeogenesis are lactate, glycerol, alanine, ketone bodies like…
Q: What impact would an increase in intramitochondrial oxaloacetate have on fatty acid synthesis?…
A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains. Fatty acids undergo β oxidation when…
Q: When deaminated, which amino acids produce citric acid cycle components and glycolysis…
A: Deamination of amino acids: Deamination is the removal of the amino group from any molecule.…
Q: Write the equation for the final step in the catabolism of any fatty acid with an even number of…
A: Fatty acid catabolism is the breakdown of fatty acid to acetyl-CoA molecule through a process called…
Q: Why is the regulation of phosphofructokinase by energy charge not as important in the liver as it is…
A: A biological cell is a hub of biochemical and metabolic activities. Enzymatic reactions occur in…
Q: Explain the mechanism by which beta-oxidation of fatty acids is controlled.
A: The oxidation of fatty acids takes place in three stages. The first stage is beta-oxidation. It…
Q: Oxygen is not a reactant in the β oxidation of fatty acids. Can β oxidation occur under anaerobic…
A: Beta-oxidation is the metabolic process which involves multiple steps by which fatty acid molecules…
Q: How would the rapid accumulation of succinyl-CoA affect the rate of glucose oxidation?
A: Cellular Respiration is the oxidative process through which energy is obtained from the food. The…
Q: Does the acetyl-CoA required for ketone body synthesis transport through the inner mitochondrial…
A: Ketone bodies acetone, acetoacetate and beta hydroxybutyrate are produced from two (or 3) molecules…
Q: Between two extremes. What is the role of a thioester in the formation of ATP in glycolysis?
A: Glycolysis is the cytoplasmic pathway that causes the lysis of glucose into three-carbon compounds…
Q: The carrier of molecules of carbon dioxide in fatty acid synthesis is _____________.
A: The synthesis of fatty acid is considered as the process, which occurs in the region of the…
Q: Calculate the number of ATP harvested from complete oxidation (breakdown) of an 18 carbon fatty…
A: The number of ATP harvested from the complete oxidation of an 18 carbon fatty acid is calculated and…
Q: How many cycles of the fatty acid breakdown pathway in the previous question would be required to…
A: Beta-oxidation: it is the catabolic pathway of lipids in which lipids get broken down to produce…
Q: Show the first cycle of beta-oxidation of stearic acid. How many ATPs will be generated from the…
A: Stearic acid is an 18-carbon-containing unsaturated fatty acid. The beta-oxidation involves the…
Q: In beta oxidation fatty acids are oxidized. What is reduced?
A: Beta oxidation of fatty acid: This is the catabolism of saturated fatty acid in the cytoplasm. This…
Q: Write the difference between hexokinase and glucokinase.
A: Hexokinase and glucokinase are the types of isoenzymes . Isoenzymes are physically distinct forms of…
Q: When a 23 Carbon fatty acid is metabolized, what is the total number of (GROSS) ATP produced ?
A: Fatty acids can be metabolized by beta-oxidation. The beta-oxidation produces ATP. In…
Q: Consider the reactions of ketogenesis. (a) What role does acetyl-CoA play?(b) How many acetyl-CoA…
A: Ketogenesis is the biochemical process through which organisms produce ketone bodies through…
Q: Write down the beta oxidation pathway of fatty acid metabolism.
A: Beta oxidation is a catabolic process of fatty acid molecules break down to produce energy. The long…
Q: If glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is active, calculate the number of ATP produced from the complete…
A: Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is the process of regeneration of reducing equivalent NAD+…
Q: What happens to fatty acids being broken down that are an odd numbered carbon chain? Which commonly…
A: Fatty acid oxidation is the mitochondrial aerobic process of breaking down a fatty acid into…
Q: How many ATP molecules (or equivalents) are consumed during: a. activation of one fatty acids? _
A: ATP is the chief molecule that provides energy when the high energy in the ATP molecules is removed…
Q: Explain how fatty acid metabolism is regulated
A: Fatty acid metabolism consists of various metabolic processes involving or closely related to fatty…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- ACTIVITY 10.8.2 1. Draw a schematic diagram on glycogenolysis by showing the structural formula of its substrate. Show the enzyme required in each step 2. How is glycogenolysis being regulated?ACTIVITY 10.6.2 Provide what is being asked. 1. A patient has an inborn mutation causing the inability to produce succinate dehydrogenase required for the oxidation of FADH2. Will this person still produce ATP? Explain your answer. 2 Mutations in the genes that encode certain mitochondrial proteins are associated with a high incidence of some type of cancer. How might defective mitochondria lead to cancer? 3. How is cytochrome c related to apoptosis? 4. Fill in the table below Pathway Number of ATP produced from one glucose molecule Number of H carriers produced from one glucose molecule NADH FADH2 Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Total ATP ProducedACTIVITY 10.4.2 Explain your answer briefly but concisely. What are the steps in the energy investment phase? 2. What are the steps in the energy-yielding phase? 3. What are the enzymes involved in an irreversible reaction? How are these enzymes being activated? What about inhibited? 4. Which step in the glycolytic pathway would ensure that glucose is fated for glycolysis? 5. During strenuous activity, the demand for ATP in muscle tissue is vastly increased. In rabbit leg muscle or turkey flight muscle, the ATP is produced almost exclusively by lactic acid fermentation. ATP is formed in the payoff phase of glycolysis by two reactions, promoted by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase. Suppose skeletal muscle were devoid of lactate dehydrogenase. Could it carry out the strenuous physical activity; that is, could it generate ATP at a high rate by glycolysis? Explain. 6. The transformation of glucose to lactate n myocytes releases only about 7% of the free energy released when…
- Metabolic regulation (Ch. 15) 1. The Vmax of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase from skeletal muscle is much greater than the Vmax of the same enzyme from liver tissue. (a) What is the physiological function of glycogen phosphorylase in skeletal muscle? In liver tissue? (b) Why does the Vmax of the muscle enzyme need to be larger than that of the liver enzyme?BIOC 384 Structure and Function of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Q10.2: What is the metabolic logic regarding stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) activity by ATP, whereas PDK activity is inhibited by ADP?Calculate the RQ resulting from the catabolism of (a) acetic acid and (b) glycerol trioleate. Be sure to subtract the water resulting from internal oxidation and assume that all of the oxygen in the molecule is used in this internal oxidation.
- ACTIVITY 10.4.2 Explain your answer briefly but concisely. 1. Why is it that Individuals with thiamin deficiency have high levels of pyruvate in their blood? 2. How would riboflavin deficiency affect the functioning of the tricarboxylic acid cycle? 3. Mammalian liver can carry out gluconeogenesis using oxaloacetate as the starting material. Would the operation of the citric acid cycle be affected by the extensive use of oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis? Explain your answer.Activity 13.5. Arrange the following enzymes of glycolysis. Hexokinase, enolase, aldolase, Pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphoglycerokinase, triose phosphate dehydrogenase, Isomerase, Phosphoglyceromutase, 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10.RECALL Several of the enzymes of glycolysis fall into classes that we will see often in metabolism. What reaction types are catalyzed by each of the following: (a) Kinases (b) Isomerases (c) Aldolases (d) Dehydrogenases
- 385 Synthesis of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols Q6.1: Under what metabolic conditions are excess carbohydrates be converted to stored tricylglycerols in adipose tissue? List the six steps required.Which of the following is not true about the premise of a dose/response relationship? 25 A There is a dose with maximum effect B) There are doses without effects Graded response depends on dose D LD50 is the inverse square of the doseCalculate the total number of ATP that can be generated from the ß-oxidation of paulinic acid? ОН 1. How many ATP expended for activating fatty acid to fatty acyl-CoA? How many rounds of beta oxidation? How many FADH2 per round of beta oxidation? Is there any point in the beta oxidation of an unsaturated fatty acid where we skip over FADH, production? How many FADH, total from beta oxidation? How many NADH per round of beta oxidation? How many NADH total from beta oxidation? How many acetyl-CoA are produced through beta oxidation? 6. 2. 3. 4. 5. How many NADH and FADH, are produced per acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle? How many NADH total from all acetyl-CoA running through the citric acid cycle? How many FADH, total from all acetyl-CoA running through the citric acid cycle? How many ATP are produced per acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle? How many ATP total from all acetyl-CoA running through the citric acid cycle? How many ATP per NADH,? 9. 7. 1. 8. How many ATP per FADH,? 10.…
