Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome recognizes the AUG start codon. In one experiment, the gene that encodes methionine initiator tRNA (tRNAiMet) was located and changed; specifically, the nucleotides that specify the anticodon on tRNAiMet were mutated so that the anticodon in the tRNA was 5′ –CCA–3′ instead of 5′ –CAU–3′. When this mutated gene was placed in a eukaryotic cell, protein synthesis took place, but the proteins produced were abnormal. Some of these proteins contained extra amino acids, and others contained fewer amino acids than normal. Q. What do these results indicate about how the ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells? Explain your reasoning.

Q: Yeast have 8 similar tRNA genes with the anticodon 5’-GUA. A researcher mutates one of these genes…

A: Tranafer RNA helps in transporting amino acid as per the instructions given by messenger RNA during…

Q: DNA in human mitochondria encodes 22 different tRNA molecules. However, 32 different tRNA molecules…

A: Mitochondrial gene expression maintain cellular homoeostasis. Mitochondrial gene expression is…

Q: The covalent attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA is an endergonic reaction. In other words, it…

A: Introduction  In the protein translation process, the key role is played by the tRNA which…

Q: An RNA polymer is made by using the enzyme polynucleotide phosphorylase with equal quantities of CTP…

A: Answer : glycine, proline, alanine, arginine,  The possible codons can be  CCG CGC GCC GGC GCG CGG

Q: The chemical bisulfite transforms cytosine (C) to uracil (U) (U). In DMSO, bisulfite is dissolved.…

A: Dimethyl sulfoxide is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH₃)₂SO. The chemical bisulfite…

Q: Using a table that shows which codon represents which amino acid determine the following:   A)…

A: The three nucleotide sequence either DNA or RNA is called codons.During protein synthesis, it codes…

Q: Describe the anticodon of a single tRNA that could recognize the codons 5′–AAC–3′ and 5′–AAU–3′.…

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. It can be genetic…

Q: A certain ochre suppressor inserts glutamine in response to the ochre codon. What is the most likely…

A: In this scenario, where a suppressor mutation allows the insertion of glutamine instead of…

Q: Yeast have 8 similar tRNA genes with the anticodon 5'-GUA. A researcher mutates one of these genes…

A: Original Codon Decoded: The complementary codon to the anticodon was first decoded by the tRNA…

Q: You are observing the translation process in a eukaryotic cell that has been exposed to an unknown…

A: Translation is the process by which the genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to synthesize…

Q: The following RNA sequence represents a small messenger which can be translated in a prokaryotic…

A: The first step in translating an RNA sequence into a protein is to divide the sequence into codons,…

Q: Consider the following coding 71 nucleotide DNA template sequence (It does not contain a…

A: In cell protein formed according to the sequence on mRNA. mRNA is formed from DNA sequence by the…

Q: Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome…

A: A ribosome is a biological unit made up of RNA and protein that functions as the cell's protein…

Q: The 5′ region of the TPP riboswitch in Bacillus subtilis is very similar to the TPP riboswitch in E.…

A: Bacterias are genetically regulated by RNA, they use a ribonucleic acid sequence encoded within mRNA…

Q: The E. coli genome contains approximately 4639 kb. (a) How many copies of the 6-bp recognition…

A: E.coli is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestine. It is also found in the gut of…

Q: List all single base substitutions that would change a codon for Leu to a nonsense codon. For each,…

A: Mutation: Normal DNA contains a particular sequence of DNA. If the sequence of DNA is changed due to…

Q: The wobble pairing rule states that a 'U' in teh anticodon wobble position can pair with 'A' or 'G',…

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. It can be genetic…

Q: Researchers are studying the mechanism of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. They know that it prevents…

A: The protein is synthesized by the process of translation. It takes place in cytoplasm of cell.

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.