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Description: In 2018, scientists published a paper describing three unusual human families where some individuals ex- hibited biparental inheritance of mitochondria. The researchers made this discovery by determining the base-pair sequences of the mtDNAs of many

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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In 2018, scientists published a paper describing three unusual human families where some individuals ex- hibited biparental inheritance of mitochondria. The researchers made this discovery by determining the base-pair sequences of the mtDNAs of many individ- uals in each family, and the results are shown in the three pedigree diagrams that follow. The filled-in (blue) symbols represent family members who inher- ited mtDNAs from both of their parents. a. The scientists who authored this study suggest that the data hint at the following model: The transmis- sion of paternal mtDNA to the zygote depends on transmission of an autosomal dominant mutant al- lele through the male germ line. Which aspects of the pedigrees are consistent with this hypothesis? b. The precise mechanism by which paternal mitochon- dria are normally excluded from human zygotes is unknown. If the hypothesis in part (a) is correct, what do these results suggest about the mechanism?

22. In 2018, scientists published a paper describing three
unusual human families where some individuals ex-
hibited biparental inheritance of mitochondria. The
researchers made this discovery by determining the
base-pair sequences of the mtDNAs of many individ-
uals in each family, and the results are shown in the
three pedigree diagrams that follow. The filled-in
(blue) symbols represent family members who inher-
ited mtDNAs from both of their parents.
a. The scientists who authored this study suggest that
the data hint at the following model: The transmis-
sion of paternal mtDNA to the zygote depends on
transmission of an autosomal dominant mutant al-
lele through the male germ line. Which aspects of
the pedigrees are consistent with this hypothesis?

||
II
II
II
IV
IV
IV
Source: Luo et al.,"Biparental Inheritance of Mitochondrial DNA in Humans," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. Dec 18, 2018. Vol 115,
No. 51, pp. 13039-13044.
Figure for Problem 22
b. The precise mechanism by which paternal mitochon-
dria are normally excluded from human zygotes is
unknown. If the hypothesis in part (a) is correct,
what do these results suggest about the mechanism?

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