Explain thermodynamics of glycolysis in relation to Step 3 as shown in the Table and how it does not violate thermodynamic laws? TABLE 18.1Reactions and Thermodynamics of GlycolysisAG°!AGKegat 25°CReactionEnzyme(kJ/mol)(kJ/mol)a-D-Glucose + ATP4- =Hexokinase-16.7850- 33.9*glucose-6-phosphate?- + ADP3- + H+= fructose-6-phosphate?-GlucokinaseGlucose-6-phosphate²- :Fructose-6-phosphate?- + ATP4-=PhosphoglucoisomerasePhosphofructokinase+1.670.51-2.92-14.2310-18.8fructose-1,6-bisphosphatet- + ADP³- + H+Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatetdihydroxyacetone-P2- + glyceraldehyde-3-P2-Dihydroxyacetone-P²-Glyceraldehyde-3-P2- + P;?- + NAD+=Fructose bisphosphate+23.96.43 X 10-5-0.23aldolase= glyceraldehyde-3-P2-Triose phosphate isomerase+7.560.0472+2.41Glyceraldehyde-3-PdehydrogenasePhosphoglycerate kinase+6.300.0786-1.291,3-bisphosphoglycerate- + NADHH+1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + ADP³-=-18.92060+0.13-P-glycerate3- + ATP4-3-Phosphoglycerate =2-phosphoglycerate-2-Phosphoglycerate³-Phosphoglycerate mutase+4.40.169+0.83Enolase+1.80.483+1.1phosphoenolpyruvate³- + H,OPhosphoenolpyruvate³- + ADP3- + H+ =Pyruvate kinase-31.73.63 X 105-23.0pyruvate¯ + ATP4-Pyruvate + NADH + H† 2 lactate¯ + NAD+Lactate dehydrogenase-25.22.63 × 104-14.8*AG values calculated for 31OK (37°C) using the data in Table 18.2 for metabolite concentrations in erythrocytes. AG°' values are assumed to be the same at 25° and 37°C.

Answered: Reactions and Thermodynamics of…

Science

Biochemistry

Reactions and Thermodynamics of Glycolysis

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Two reactions are shown below. These reactions are directly coupled in cells by an enzyme called hexokinase, which is a key enzyme in glycolysis. It is generally the case that reactions that are directly coupled by enzymes share some common reactants. What is the net reaction when these two reactions are combined? Glucose + Inorganic Phosphate + ATP + Water → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Glucose + ATP + Water → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP + Inorganic Phosphate Glucose + ATP → Glucose 6-phosphate + Inorganic Phosphate Glucose + ATP → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP
All dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the TCA cycle use NAD* (E° for NAD*/NADH is -0.32V) as electron acceptor except succinate dehydrogenase (which uses FAD (E° for FAD/FADH2 is 0.05V). Based on AG° = -NFEº, show and state (1-2 sentences) why is FAD a more appropriate electron acceptor than NAD* in the dehydrogenation of succinate (consider the E° values of %3D Uptake in Na+ Vmax Uptake in absence of Na+ Vmax substrate K: (mM) Kt (mM) L-leucine 420 0.24 23 0.2 D-Leucine 310 4.7 5 4.7 L-valine 225 0.31 19 0.31 fumarate/succinate (E° = 0.031), NAD*/NADH, and the succinate dehydrogenase FAD/FADH2).
Cells manage to synthesize a variety of seemingly thermodynamically unfavored molecules every day. Phosphorylated glucose is an example of one of these molecules. The direct phosphorylation reaction is depicted below. As indicated, the forward reaction is unfavorable with a positive standard free energy change: glucose + phosphate⇄ glucose-6- phosphate + water ΔG°’ = +14 kJ/mol Describe specifically a thermodynamically favorable route by which the cell can produce glucose-6- phosphate from glucose. Please note cells cannot change either the temperature or the pressure at which the reaction is occurring. Please help me understand by using steps. Thank you!
is this correct ? please can you kindly explain each statement
This is a picture of the catalysis of alcohol by ADH with an inhibitor binding as an aldehyde analog. I have two questions. First, what would the enzyme be classified as and why? Also, what would the steps of this mechanism be?
If a slight deficiency in the Vitamin B1 derivative Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP) leads to an accumulation of substrates for reactions utilizing this cofactor, A) what substrates would ‘accumulate’ in a human after eating a an enormous amount of sugar-laden Halloween candy, AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? B) What substrates would accumulate in yeast cells cultured under anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? C) What substrates would accumulate in plant cells incorporating carbon and generating energy solely using photosynthesis?
Using understanding of the thermodynamics laws, explain the energy transformations for the following processes. a. Glucose – Pyruvase + 2ATF + 2NADH b. Pyruvate – Acetyl-CoA + NaDH c. Citric acid – Oxoloacetate + 3NaDH + FADH2 + ATP d. H20 at PSII – ATP e. Photon at PSI – NADPH f. Co2 + RuBp – 3PG + ATP + NADPH – G3P (1/6 of which is converted to glucose)
A certain metabolic pathway can be diagrammed as (see pic1), where A, B, C, and D are the intermediates, and X, Y, and Z are the enzymes that catalyze the reactions. The physiological free energy changes for the reactions are (see pic.2). Solve, (a) Which reaction is likely to be a major regulatory point for the pathway? (b) If your answer in Part a was in fact the case, in the presence of an inhibitor that blocks the activity of enzyme Z, would the concentrations of A, B, C, and D increase, decrease, or not be aff ected?
Write a balanced equation for the complete metabolic oxidation of each of the following. Include O, ADP, and P; as reactants and ATP, CO, and H;0 as products. (a) Stearic acid (b) Oleic acid (c) Palmitic acid (d) Linoleic acid
Determine whether the following statements are true or false:- a) The pentose phosphate pathway of glucose conversion is a supplier of NADPH (H +) for reductive syntheses. b) An overdose of insulin causes hypoglycemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus. c) Fructose-6-phosphate is an allosteric regulator of glycolysis.
If a slight deficiency in the Vitamin B1 derivative Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP) leads to an accumulation of substrates for reactions utilizing this cofactor, A) what substrates would ‘accumulate’ in a human after eating a an enormous amount of sugar-laden Halloween candy, AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? B) what substrates would accumulate in yeast cells cultured under anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? C) and lastly, what substrates would accumulate in plant cells incorporating carbon and generating energy solely using photosynthesis?
Which of the following statements are False?