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R₁ R₁ b. W R₂ R1 | 30 Ω R2 100 R3 www R3 500 R4 120 Q R6 RA R5 R5 802 R6 100 Q R7 500

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Katz, Debora M.

Chapter34: Maxwell’s Equations And Electromagnetic Waves

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 75PQ: CASE STUDY In Example 34.6 (page 1111), we imagined equipping 1950DA, an asteroid on a collision...

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Professor Edward Ney was the founder of infrared astronomy at the University of Minnesota. In his later years, he wore an artificial pacemaker. Always an experimentalist, Ney often held a strong laboratory magnet near his chest to see what effect it had on his pacemaker. Perhaps he was using the magnet to throw switches that control different modes of operation. An admiring student (without an artificial pacemaker) thought it would be fun to imitate this great man by holding a strong magnet to his own chest. The natural pacemaker of the heart (known as the sinoatrial node) carries a current of about 0.5 mA. Estimate the magnetic force exerted on a natural pacemaker by a strong magnet held to the chest. How do you think the student might have felt during the experiment? Explain your geometric assumptions. Hints: See Table 30.1 (page 941) to estimate the magnetic field, and assume the field is roughly uniform. Use Figure P30.58 to estimate the size of the sinoatrial node; your heart is about the size of your fist. FIGURE P30.58
Lunar astronauts placed a reflector on the Moon's Surface, off which a laser beam is periodically reflected. The distance to the Moon is calculated from the round-trip time. (a) To what accuracy in meters can the distance to the Moon be determined, if this time can be measured to 0.100 ns? (b) What percent accuracy is this, given the average distance to the Moon is 3.84108m ?
You are a coach for the Physics Olympics team participating in a competition overseas. You are given the following sample problem to present to your team of students, which you need to solve very quickly: A person is standing on the midline of a soccer field. At one end of the field, as shown in Figure P24.28, is a letter D, consisting of a semicircular metallic ring of radius R and a long straight metal rod of length 2R, the diameter of the ring. The plane of the ring is perpendicular to the ground and perpendicular to the midline of the field shown by the broken line in Figure P24.28. Because of an approaching lightning storm, the semicircular ring and the rod become charged. The ring and the rod each attain a charge Q. What is the electric potential at point P, which is at a position x along the midline of the field, measured from the center of the rod, due to the letter D? Think quickly and use all resources available to you, which include your physics textbook: yon are in competition! Figure P24.28
A 2.50-m-diameter university communications satellite dish receives TV signals that have a maximum electric field strength (for one channel) of 7.50 (V/m. (See Figure 24.28.) (a) What is the intensity of this wave? (b) What is the power received by the antenna? (c) If the orbiting satellite broadcasts uniformly over an area of 1.501013m2 (a large fraction of North America), how much power does it radiate? Figure 24.28 Satellite dishes receive TV signals sent from orbit. Although the signals are quite weak, the receiver can detect them by being tuned to resonate at their frequency.
The switch in Figure P27.51a closes when Vc23Vand opens when Vc13V. The ideal voltmeter reads a potential difference as plotted in Figure P27.51b. What is the period T of the waveform in terms of R1, R2, and C? Figure P27.51
(a) A jet airplane with a 75.0 m wingspan is flying at 280 m/s. What emf is induced between wing tips if the vertical component 01 the Earth’s field is 3.00105T ? (b) Is an emf of this magnitude likely to have any consequences? Explain.
(a) An oxygen16 ion with a mass at 2.661026kg travels at 5.00106m/s perpendicular to a 1.20T magnetic field, which makes it move in a circular arc with a 0.231-m radius. What positive charge is on the ion? (b) What is the radio of this charge to the charge of an electron? (c) Discuss why the radio found in (b) should be an integer.
The capacitor in Figure 23.55(b) will filler high—frequency signals by shorting them to earth/ground. (a) What capacitance is needed to produce a reactance of 10-0 m for a 5.00 kHz signal? (b) What would its reactance be at 3.00 Hz? (c) Discuss the implications of your answers to (a) and (b).
Using an electromagnetic flowmeter (Fig. P19.69), a heart surgeon monitors the flow rate of blood through an artery. Electrodes A and B make contact with the outer surface of the blood vessel, which has interior diameter 3.00 mm. (a) For a magnetic field magnitude of 0.040 0 T, a potential difference of 160 V appears between the electrodes. Calculate the speed of the blood. (b) Verify that electrode A is positive, as shown. Does the sign of the emf depend on whether the mobile ions in the blood are predominantly positively or negatively charged? Explain. Figure P19.69
(a) At what speed will a proton move in a circular path of the same radius as the electron in the previous exercise? (b) What would the radius of the path be if tlie proton had the same speed as the election? (c) What would the radius be if the proton had tlie same kinetic energy' as die electron? (d) The same momentum?
A proton and a helium nucleus (consisting of two protons and two neutrons) pass through a velocity selector and into a mass spectrometer. The radius of the protons circular path is rp. Find an expression for the radius r of the helium nucleuss path in terms of rp. (You may assume the mass of a proton is roughly equal to the mass of a neutron, and the helium nucleus has the same speed as the proton.)
Figure CQ20.7 shows a slidewire generator with motional cmf 0 when the wire at A slides across the top and bottom rails at constant velocity v0. (a) When the wire reaches B so that the area enclosed by the circuit is doubled, determine the ratio of the new cmf to the original cmf, /0. (b) If the wire's speed is doubled so that v = 2v0 determine the ratio /0. Figure CQ20.7