Question 1: What does the term "double helix" mean with regard to DNA? a) The genetic information to make a protein is contained in a gene. List the three parts of a gene given in the tutorial and a short description of each segments' function. b) What form does a strand of DNA need to be in so that it can be seen using a compound (light) microscope?
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Question 1: What does the term "double helix" mean with regard to DNA?
a) The genetic information to make a protein is contained in a gene. List the three parts of a gene given in the tutorial and a short description of each segments' function.
b) What form does a strand of DNA need to be in so that it can be seen using a compound (light) microscope?
Question 2: What does tRNA stand for? Describe the role tRNA has in protein synthesis.
a) Describe what a peptide bond is using 1-2 complete sentences.
b) Describe what happens to the newly formed protein chain next.
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Introduction
Nucleic acids are one of the four important biomolecules in living organisms that play the essential role of carrying and transferring genetic information from one organism to the next and also from one cell to the next. A cell contains two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA and RNA are responsible for encoding all the functional and structural units of cells and both are the most common nucleic acids found in the biological system. The primary distinction between DNA and RNA lies in their five-carbon sugar component:
- RNA includes ribose sugar.
- DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, which is a ribose sugar lacking a hydroxyl group (−OH) at the 2' carbon position.
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