What is the most useful probe of the early evolution of the universe: a giant elliptical galaxy or an irregular galaxy such as the Large Magellanic Cloud?
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What is the most useful probe of the early evolution of the universe: a giant elliptical galaxy or an irregular galaxy such as the Large Magellanic Cloud?
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- Assume that a typical galaxy contains about 200 billion stars and that there are more than 150 billion galaxies in the known universe. Estimate the total number of stars in the universe.Given an image of a disk galaxy, you have measured that the average surface brightness at two radii (R = R1 and R = R2) are I1 and I2 respectively. The disk surface brightness profile has the exponential form of I(R) = I0 e(-R/Rd). What are the values of I0 and Rd for this disk?Suppose you want to observe the molecular gas in a galaxy with redshift z using the rotational transition of CO J=4-3. What frequency would you observe this transition at? (Hint: the CO J=1-0 emits a photon at 115.27 GHz, and higher order transitions emit photons with frequencies in multiples of J. Express your answer as an integer. Values: z = 3.7
- Imagine that an observed distant galaxy is measured to have a distance of 20 Mpc by a Type Ia supernovae and the redshift of the galaxy indicates the galaxy appears to be moving away from us at a speed of 2200 km/s. What would the Hubble constant be if measured solely based on this galaxy in units of km/s/Mpc?If a galaxy contains a supernova that at its brightest has an apparent magnitude of +25, how far away is the galaxy? Assume that the absolute magnitude of the supernova is -14. (Hint: use the magnitude - distance formula : d = 10 (Mv-Mv +5)/5 _______ MpcIf a standard passenger aircraft can fly at 0.37 km/s (828 mph), how long (in yr) would it take to reach the Sun? How long (in yr) would it take to reach the galactic center? (Note: 1 pc = 3.1 ✕ 1013 km. The radius of the Sun's orbit around the galactic center is approximately 8,300 pc.)
- What evidence can you cite that our galaxy has a galactic corona?Why can't the evolution of galaxies go from elliptical to spiral? From spiral to elliptical?Figure 2 shows the "rotation curve" of NGC 2742. It plots the “radial velocity (V)" (how fast material is moving either toward or away from us) that is measured for objects at different distances (R = radius") from the center of the galaxy. The center of the galaxy is at 0 kpc (kiloparsecs) with a speed of 9 km/sec away from us. (These velocities have been corrected for the observed tilt of the galaxy and represent true orbital velocities of the stars and gas.) 200 100 U4779 -100 As you can see, one side of the galaxy is moving with a negative velocity (spinning toward us), while the other side has a positive velocity (spinning away from us). Using Newton's gravity equation, we will be able to determine the gravitational mass of the entire galaxy and how the mass varies versus distance from the galaxy's center. -200 -8 8 -4 Radius (kpc) Read the following text carefully and follow the instructions: Select five radii spaced evenly from 0-10 kpc across the galaxy. Your selections should…
- The Sun is at a distance of about 8 kpc from the galactic center and moves around the galactic center in a circular path with a velocity of about 220 km s. Make a rough estimate of the mass of the Galaxy.If a quasar is 2,000 times more luminous than an entire galaxy, what is the absolute magnitude of such a quasar? Note: The absolute magnitude of the Milky Way Galaxy is about −21. Hint: Use the formula for magnitudes and flux ratios,Astronomers estimate the mass of the stars in a certain galaxy to be about 3.0e40 kg, and the total mass of this galaxy to be about 1.2e41 kg. The amount of the galaxy’s mass is made up of dark matter is_____ percent.