Imagine that you repeat the tRNA Selection experiment with modifications as follows: 1. Synthesize mRNA containing A's and G's only (poly-AG in random order). 2. Convert the amino acid Glutamic acid (Glu) on its tRNA to the amino acid Glutamine (Gln) as shown below. 3. Mix your poly-AG RNA, your artificial tRNA, and cell extract (contains ribosomes, amino acids, all normal tRNAs, and the energy source for translation). Phe Tyr GAA GAA Glutamic acid (Glu) is encoded by GAA and GAG, while Glutamine (Gln) is encoded only by CAA and CAG. What does the outcome of this experiment tell us about translation? Multiple codons code for each amino acid. An amino acid is selected based on the identity of the tRNA. The ribosome does the translation, i.e. it selects the amino acid regardless of the identify of the tRNA. O The ribosome reads mRNA 3 bases at a time.

Imagine that you repeat the tRNA Selection experiment with modifications as follows: 1. Synthesize mRNA containing A's and G's only (poly-AG in random order). 2. Convert the amino acid Glutamic acid (Glu) on its tRNA to the amino acid Glutamine (Gln) as shown below. 3. Mix your poly-AG RNA, your artificial tRNA, and cell extract (contains ribosomes, amino acids, all normal tRNAs, and the energy source for translation). Phe Tyr GAA GAA Glutamic acid (Glu) is encoded by GAA and GAG, while Glutamine (Gln) is encoded only by CAA and CAG. What does the outcome of this experiment tell us about translation? Multiple codons code for each amino acid. An amino acid is selected based on the identity of the tRNA. The ribosome does the translation, i.e. it selects the amino acid regardless of the identify of the tRNA. O The ribosome reads mRNA 3 bases at a time.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter19: Genomes And Proteomes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD: Below is a sequence of 540 bases from a genome. What information would you use to find the...

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For each of the following items, fill in either the DNA strand, the MRNA codons, the tRNA anticodons, or the amino acid sequence that have been left blank. If several sequences might work, choose only one. Furthermore, circle the start and the stop codons of each mRNA sequence. 1. DNA (3'-5') ACG TAC GGC CGG TTA AAG CAT ACT TTC TTG MRNA TRNA Amino Acid 2. DNA (3'-5') MRNA AUG ACU AGC UGG GGG UAU UAC UUU UAG AAA TRNA Amino Acid 3. DNA (3'-5') MRNA TRNA GCU CCU UAC CAC ССС CGU AUG GCU GGG AUC Activate Go to Sett Amino Acid
2c) Give 3 different tRNA anticodon sequences that could be mutated by a single base substitution into that suppressor tRNA anticodon (the one that would match and suppress the 5'UAA3' stop codon) and name the amino acid that would be carried by each tRNA whose anticodon you have listed
28. a. Can a tRNA exist that has the anticodon sequence 5' IAA? If so, which amino acid would it carry? b. Answer the same question for the anticodon sequence 5' xm³s²UAA. 29. For parts (a) and (b) of Problem 28, consider the DNA sequences of the genes encoding the tRNAs. (Assume both tRNAs exist even if that is not true.) What is the sequence of the RNA-like strand of each tRNA gene that corresponds to the tRNA's anticodon? What is the sequence of the template strand of each gene for these same three nucleotides? Be sure to indicate polarities.
Consider the following DNA sequence, which codes for a short polypeptide: 5'-ATGGGCTTAGCGTAGGTTAGT-3' Determine the mRNA transcript of this sequence. You have to write these sequences from the 5' end to the 3' end and indicate those ends as shown in the original sequence in order to get the full mark. How many amino acids will make up this polypeptide? Determine the first four anticodons that will be used in order to translate this sequence.
What is the primary difference betwee class I and class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. a. Class I synthetases acylate the terminal 2’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs; Class II synthetases acylate the terminal 3’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs. b. Class I synthetases acylate the terminal 3’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs; Class II synthetases acylate the terminal 2’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs. c. Class I synthetases acylate tRNAs with hydrophobic amino acids; Class II synthetases acylate tRNAs with polar amino acids. d. Class I synthetases acylate tRNAs with polar amino acids; Class II synthetases acylate tRNAs with hydrophobic amino acids.
put in correct order the steps for initiating translation. 1. Binding of initiator tRNA to mRNA 2. Binding of large ribosomal subunit to mRNA 3. Binding of small ribosomal subunit to mRNA 4. Binding of tRNA with 2nd amino acid to the A site 5. Formation of covalent bond between methionine and second amino acid A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 C) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 D) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5 E) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5
The wobble rules for tRNA-mRNA pairing are shown. If we assume that the tRNAs do not containmodified bases, what is the minimum number of tRNAs needed to recognize the codons for the following types of amino acids? A. Leucine B. Methionine C. Serine
Shown here is a tRNA for tryptophan. Which of the locations on the tRNA accommodates looser base-pairing rules? H part 2 H₂N-C N H CH₂ -C || CH codons C 3 1 2 35' Choose one: IIIIIIIbase-pairing UGG anticodon in tRNA 5' Choose one: O A. site 3 OB. site 1 OC. All of the sites maintain strict base-pairing rules. OD. site 2 3' Using the genetic code here, determine the amino acids that a polynucleotide of UC would code for. AGA UUA AGC AGG AGU UUG CUA GUA GCA CGA GCC CGC GGA GGC CCA UCA ACA CCC UCC ACC AUA CUC GUC GCG CGG GAC AAC UGC GAA CAA GGG CAC AUC CUG AAA UUC CCG UCG ACG UAC GUG GCU CGU GAU AAU UGU GAG CAG GGU CAU AUU CUU AAG AUG UUU CCU UCU ACU UGG UAU GUU Lys Met Phe Pro Ser Thr Trp Tyr Val KM FPS T W Y V amino Ala Arg Asp Asn Cys Glu Gin Gly His lle Leu DN E QGHIL acids A R с O A. Ser, His O B. Leu, Ser OC. Phe, Leu O D. His, Thr codon in mRNA UAA UAG UGA stop
Given the following mRNA and amino acids, construct a polypeptide from this tRNA strand. tRNA UAA CCA UUA UAA mRNA Amino Acids AUU = isoleucine AAU = asparginine GGU = glycine GUC = valine GAG = glutamic acid
All of the following apply to tRNAs EXCEPT: (more than one may apply) A. attach amino acids at the 5’ end B. have stems and loops C. are all encoded by a single gene D. an anti-codon of 5’AAC3’ corresponds to a codon of 3’UUG5’ E. exhibit distinctive 3D folds F. are acted on by 64 different aminoacyl synthetases G. are charged with amino acids by peptidyl transferase
Which of the following is NOT a general feature of tRNA? A. All TRNAS contain 4 loops, the anticodon loop, the hydroxy-uridine and methylcytosine loops and a variable loop B. The tertiary structure of tRNAs is L-shaped C. All ERNAS contain anti-codons D. All TRNAS contain amino acids attached to the 3'-OH end E. All ERNAS contain the rare nucleotides, hydroxyuridine and methyl cytosine
Please do answer all the questions. I'll definitely give a like You discovered a halophilic bacterium and want to characterize the mechanism involved in producing mature tRNA molecules from larger tRNA precursors. You isolated a large complex composed of a protein component and an RNA component that is capable of cleaving the larger tRNA precursor. To determine which one of the two components is responsible for catalysis, you perform an in vitro tRNA cleavage assay in the proper buffer conditions, including a low concentration of Mg2+ and 0.5 M bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA is not specific for this reaction. The table below summarizes the results after performing eight separate reactions. The + symbol indicates the included reaction components. Q. Based on the results obtained, what can you conclude about the composition of the biological catalyst required for the maturation of tRNA? Q. Indicate which reactions helped you make your conclusion. Why? Q. Which reactions allowed you…