Obtain the expression for the average thermal energy when the partition function is Z = ho (A) kT (B) k T (0) T (D) 4k „T
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- A plastic bag containing 0.2 kg of water at 20°C is dropped from a height of 0.5 m onto an insulating carpet. Assume that the bag does NOT break. What is the approximate probability that a similar bag sitting on a carpet will do the reverse; that is, spontaneously jump 0.5 m in the air? Express your answer in the form "Probability = 10-x," where x is a number you will calculate. (Hint: Note that ey = 10y÷ln(10).)The variation of the molar Gibbs free pn- ergy of a substance with temperature and pressure is given by () T5/2 G = -T In Determine S, H, V, U and F.Consider a system with 1000 particles that can only have two energies, ɛ, and with ɛ, > E,. The difference between these two values is Aɛ = ɛ, -& . Assume that gi = g2 = 1. Using the %3D %3D equation for the Boltzmann distribution graph the number of particles, ni and m, in states & n2, E and E, as a function of temperature for a Aɛ = 1×10-2' J and for a temperature range from 2 to 300 K. (Note: kg = 1.380x10-23 J K-!. %3D %3D (s,-s,) gLe Aɛ/ n2 or = e n,
- Consider a classical ideal gas of N diatomic heterogeneous molecules at temperature T. The charac- teristic rotational energy parameter is € = 1 and the natural frequency of vibrations is wo. Consider the temperature region where T≫er/kB, but T is of the order of ħwo/kB. Ignore contributions from all other internal modes. Calculate the canonical partition function, the average energy, and the heat capacity at constant volume, Cv.The Z factor is approximately the same for all gases at the same reduced temperature and reduced pressure.The probability of finding an N2 molecule at ambient temperature at 515 m/s is zero. True or False?
- Consider a system containing N distinct, stationary and non-interacting particles. Each atom has only two energy levels 0 and ξ>0. If the average energy per atom E/N for N is close to 0 determine (a). Sum of microstates (b) entropy per atomConsider a molecular two-level system with a twofold degenerate ground state (la- beled "0") and a threefold degenerate level (labeled “1") with an energy (expressed in wavenumbers) 150.0 cm-1 above the ground state. (a) What is the proportion N1/N of molecules in the higher level at T = 400 K? (b) What is the molecular average energy (relative to the ground state and expressed in wavenumbers) when the temperature is T = 400 K? (c) What is the proportion No/N of molecules in the ground state when T → 0K? (d) What is the proportion N1/N of molecules in the higher level when T → x?