Mixed together met- blo- thr * leu thit and met* blo * thr- leu- thi- met- blo- thr leu thi met * bio + thr-leu- thi- 10 cells 10 cells 10 cells Nutrient agar plates lacking amino acids, blotin, and thlamine No colonies Bacterlal colonles No colonies Experiment of Lederberg and Tatum demonstrating genetic transfer during conjugation in E. coli. When plated on a growth medium lacking amino acids, biotin, and thiamine, the met- bio- thr+ leu+ thi+ and met+ bio+ thr- leu- thi- strains were unable to grow. However, if the two strains were mixed together and then plated, some colonies were observed. These colonies were due to the transfer of genetic material between these two strains by conjugation. Note: In bacteria, it is common to give genes a three-letter name (shown in italics) that is related to the function of the gene. A plus superscript (+) indicates a functional gene, and a minus superscript (-) indicates a mutation that has caused the gene or gene product to be inactive. In some cases, several genes have related functions. These may have the same three-letter name followed by different capital letters. For example, different genes involved with leucine biosynthesis may be called leuA, leuB, leuc, and so on. In the experiment described here, the genes involved in leucine biosynthesis were not distinguished, so the gene is simply referred to as leu+ (for a functional gene) and leu- (for a nonfunctional gene).

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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In the experiment of Figure shown , a met⁻ bio⁻ thr⁺ leu⁺ thi⁺ cell
could become met⁺ bio⁺ thr⁺ leu⁺ thi⁺ by a (rare) double mutation
that converts the met⁻ bio⁻ genes into met⁺ bio⁺. Likewise, a met+
bio⁺ thr⁻ leu⁻ thi⁻ cell could become met⁺ bio⁺ thr⁺ leu⁺ thi⁺ by
three mutations that convert the thr⁻ leu⁻ thi⁻ genes into thr⁺ leu⁺
thi⁺. From the results of Figure shown, how do you know that the occurrence
of 10 met⁺ bio⁺ thr⁺ leu⁺ thi⁺ colonies is not due to these
types of rare double or triple mutations?

Mixed together
met- blo- thr * leu thit
and
met* blo * thr- leu- thi-
met- blo- thr leu thi
met * bio + thr-leu- thi-
10 cells
10 cells
10 cells
Nutrient agar plates lacking amino acids, blotin, and thlamine
No colonies
Bacterlal colonles
No colonies
Experiment of Lederberg and Tatum demonstrating genetic transfer during
conjugation in E. coli. When plated on a growth medium lacking amino acids,
biotin, and thiamine, the met- bio- thr+ leu+ thi+ and met+ bio+ thr- leu-
thi- strains were unable to grow. However, if the two strains were mixed
together and then plated, some colonies were observed. These colonies were
due to the transfer of genetic material between these two strains by
conjugation. Note: In bacteria, it is common to give genes a three-letter
name (shown in italics) that is related to the function of the gene. A plus
superscript (+) indicates a functional gene, and a minus superscript (-)
indicates a mutation that has caused the gene or gene product to be inactive.
In some cases, several genes have related functions. These may have the same
three-letter name followed by different capital letters. For example, different
genes involved with leucine biosynthesis may be called leuA, leuB, leuc, and
so on. In the experiment described here, the genes involved in leucine
biosynthesis were not distinguished, so the gene is simply referred to as
leu+ (for a functional gene) and leu- (for a nonfunctional gene).

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